CH 19 Henretta (Progressivism)

Lincoln Stevens

"Shame of the Cities" exposed corruption between big business and local governments (political machines)

International Workers of the World (IWW)

most radical union, believed workers should control factories, unskilled workers

Theodore Roosevelt belief on using Government controlled land

Pres. TR believed in carefull development of nature- save some land/Yosemite, develop other land/Hetch-Hetchy Dam

Progressivism

movement by middle class reformers to push government to respond to the will of the people by creating laws that regulated business and protecting the rights of workers

Jacob Riis/ "How the Other Half Lives"

exposed New York slums (poverty, rats, disease)

Social Gospel

Christian teachings that the well off, middle class, should help the less fortunate, poor

Ida Tarbell

exposed John Rockefeller and Standard Oil for corrupt practices

muckraker

Reporters that exposed problems in society to enflame the people and get Gov. to act

Anthracite Coal Mine Strike

1st time government/President sided with the people/workers over the Robber Barons/Trusts/business, TR threatened to take over the mines and use the troops to run the mines

Pure Food and Drug Act

forbid mislabeling drugs and false claims (all drugs legal at this time)

Yosemite

one of 1st national parks

Hetch Hetchy controversy

valley was dammed to provide water for SF but the National Parks System was created in return to protect nature, showed TR believed in a balanced approach to conservation

National Labor Union

1st union,organized skilled, unskilled, and farmers (excluded Chinese and most women and blacks)

Haymarket Square bomb/riot

hurt the Knights of Labor in the eyes of Americans
people began to see strikers (workers trying to improve their situation) with radicals and immigrants who want to destroy the country, labor movement was involved in a number of violent strikes as the government sided with owners over the workers

Samuel Gompers

founder of AFL

New Freedom

Wilson- Gov. idea was to break up trusts, support small business' and entrepreneurship (take Progressivism even further)

Progressive (What kind of people were progressives)?

Middle class reformers (from Social Gospel) who were concerned with city issues (not farmers like Populists)

David Phillips

"Treason of the Senate"- claimed that 2/3's of the senate did not work for the people but instead the RRs and trusts

suffrage

the right to vote

two goals of Progressives

to break up trusts/monopolies, Improve the conditions of workers

16th Amendment

Income Tax- way to have all people, esp. wealthy, share their money and provide services for all people

17th Amendment-

Direct Election of Senators- people elect Senators, not corrupt legislators, before Senators were elected by state legislatures

President Theodore Roosevelt-

progressive president, 1st Pres. to stand up and regulate trusts (good trusts are ok, bad trusts should be limited), sided w. people over business, not corrupt

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Convinced people that Gov. had to make laws that forced business to have safety standards for workers, 146 women died because no fire escapes or access to stairs, doors locked from outside, pushed women to be involved in Progressive reforms

Upton Sinclair

The Jungle exposed filthy conditions in slaughterhouses

Meat Inspection Act

allowed Gov. to inspect meat packing plants (USDA inspection)

John Muir

founder of Sierra Club (first and largest environmental organization), wanted to preserve the valley, leave it untouched

Union

workers organize/team up to demand better pay and conditions (their numbers give them power), early attempts at change meet with violence against police/army

Knights of labor

largest union, included all workers to create one big union (even blacks)

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

most successful union,
it was a union comprised of smaller unions which kept their independence but worked together in developing a similar strategy and similar goals

Populists

1st political party who felt the goal of Gov. was to get involved and help ordinary people, not the rich

New Nationalism

Roosevelt- New Nationalism- regulate industry (monitor trusts, not break up trusts), support workers (minimum wage, workers compensation, women's suffrage, limit workday and week)

Bull Moose Party

Theodore Roosevelt's party he started after he lost Rep. nomination)

Eugene Debs

Socialist Party- Government should control major industries and share the wealth

Underwood Tariff

Lowered tariff (forced Gov. to find a new way to raise $- lead to creation of Income Tax/16th Amendment

Federal Reserve Act

central bank of US that controls the dollar and amount of money in circulation

Federal Trade Commission

Allowed the President to regulate interstate trade (to prevent unfair business practices)

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Broke up trusts
Allowed workers the right to organize, form unions, strike

Municipal

city, urban

tenement

slum dwelling with bad lighting, heat, and plumbing (water and sewage systems were the worst problem cities had to deal with)

19th Amendment

right to vote for women

18th Amendment

prohibition/illegality of alcohol (help people live healthier lives)