Fundamentals of Computer Science Unit 1 Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering the key topics and definitions from the Fundamentals of Computer Science Unit 1 lecture notes.

What are the 5 main areas of computer science?

Networks and the internet, algorithms and programming, computing systems, data and analysis, impacts of computing.

What is networks and the internet?

A group of connected devices that share information/resources.

Define algorithms and programming.

Programs (code) that tell computers what to do.

What are computing systems?

Machines that run programs.

What is data and analysis in computer science?

Collecting, storing, organizing, and studying facts to understand data.

How do computers impact our lives?

Computers influence our lives, culture, safety, laws, and behavior.

List two positive impacts of technology on society.

Helps with efficiency, improves communication.

List two negative impacts of technology on society.

Can be expensive, needs to be maintained.

What are some examples of ethical behavior when working with technology?

Correct use of personal information, not misrepresenting truth, moral use of data.

What is a copyright?

Legal right of the owner of intellectual property (e.g., song lyrics).

Define trademark.

Word, phrase, design, or combination that identifies goods or services (e.g., Coca-Cola®).

What is a patent?

Protects technical inventions (e.g., type of hybrid engine).

What might an acceptable use policy contain?

Rules or expectations for use of an organization's equipment, services, network.

How can a computer get infected with malware?

By downloading infected files or software, or opening malicious files in emails.

What is spyware?

Programs that may track browsing history, record keystrokes, steal usernames/passwords.

What is ransomware?

Locks you out of your computer until payment is received.

What is adware?

Displays unwanted advertisements on your computer.

What is multi-factor authentication?

Type of authentication requiring multiple steps to unlock devices.

Explain social engineering.

Fooling people into giving confidential information.

What is impersonation or spoofing?

Pretending to be someone known and trusted.

What is phishing?

Email or messaging that appears to come from a legitimate source.

What is keylogging?

Recording keystrokes typed on your device.

What is the difference between computer applications and system software?

System software manages system resources, while application software allows users to perform specific tasks.

List examples of peripheral devices.

Mouse, keyboard, scanners, speakers, webcam, digital camera, printer.

What is the purpose of file management?

Creates an organized structure for efficient storage and retrieval of information.

What are the advantages of Windows operating system?

A large number of hardware and software vendors create peripherals and software.

What are the advantages of MacOS?

Built on ease of use and solid reliability.

What is Linux?

Open-source software that is free to use and build upon.

What is a virtual machine?

A program that represents an entire system, allowing for testing and efficient use of hardware.

What is the difference between software and hardware?

Hardware consists of physical components; software consists of instructions that tell hardware how to function.

Name key hardware components in a PC.

Case, motherboard, CPU, RAM, Hard disk drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD).

Convert binary 00010000 to decimal.

16.

Name input devices on the Micro:bit.

Buttons, accelerometer, radio.

Name output devices on the Micro:bit.

LED display, radio, speaker for sound.