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Definition of Waste
Waste is any material discarded after serving its purpose or remaining at the end of a process with no further use
Modern Waste Generation
Waste is produced in alarming quantity and complexity today due to the use-and-throw lifestyle and overexploitation of resources
Consequences of Waste Accumulation
Heaps of solid waste create foul smell
Impact of Rain on Waste
During rains decomposed waste with pathogens flows into water bodies
Link Between Technology and Waste
Science and technology accelerate resource exploitation
Classification of Waste by Origin
Waste is classified as domestic
Definition of Domestic Waste
Waste from households such as leftover food
Definition of Industrial Waste
Waste from small and large industries including chemicals
Examples of Industrial Waste
Toxic wastes like lead
Impact of Industrial Waste
Waste gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from industries cause acid rain and health problems
Definition of Agricultural Waste
Waste from farms including crop residue
Uses of Agricultural Waste
Agricultural waste is often recycled
Growth of Solid Waste in India
According to the Ministry of Environment
Need for Waste Management in India
Long-term strategies supported by government
Role of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan promotes a cleaner future by developing and deploying waste treatment
First Step in Waste Management
Proper segregation of waste at source enables recycling and resource recovery
Role of Community in Waste Management
Active community participation and public-private partnerships promote responsible waste handling
Government Role in Waste Management
Government invests in composting plants
Definition of Waste Segregation
Segregation means dividing waste into different categories such as biodegradable and non-biodegradable
Definition of Dry Waste
Non-biodegradable waste such as wood
Definition of Wet Waste
Biodegradable organic waste such as kitchen scraps
Benefits of Waste Segregation
Reduces landfill load
Examples of Biodegradable Waste
Kitchen waste
Examples of Non-Biodegradable Waste
Plastics
Subcategories of Non-Biodegradable Waste
Recyclable (plastic
Precautions for Toxic and Soiled Waste
These must be handled with extreme care and disposed of safely to prevent health hazards
Definition of Composting
Composting is decomposing organic waste like kitchen and garden scraps into nutrient-rich manure using microorganisms
Benefits of Composting
Reduces waste volume
Definition of Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting uses earthworms to speed up decomposition of organic waste and produce nutrient-rich vermicast
Advantages of Vermicomposting
Produces high-quality manure
Definition of Recycling
Recycling is converting waste materials such as paper
Benefits of Recycling
Conserves resources
Definition of Incineration
Incineration is burning waste at high temperatures
Advantages of Incineration
Reduces waste volume by 90%
Disadvantages of Incineration
Expensive to build and maintain
Definition of Sanitary Landfill
A scientific method of waste disposal where waste is layered
Advantages of Sanitary Landfills
Simple
Disadvantages of Sanitary Landfills
Requires large land area
Definition of Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis decomposes organic waste chemically at high temperatures without oxygen
Definition of Energy Recovery from Waste
Generating energy as electricity
Advantages of Energy Recovery
Reduces fossil fuel dependence
Government Initiatives for Waste Management
Includes Swachh Bharat Mission
Role of Public Awareness
Awareness campaigns encourage segregation
Role of Technology in Waste Management
Technology improves waste collection