Musculoskeletal Disorders and Related Conditions

Flashcards for important vocabulary related to musculoskeletal disorders and conditions affecting children.

Musculoskeletal System

Body support, protection of organs, body movement, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, production of blood cells.

Bone Radiography

Used to diagnose or treat patients by recording images of the internal structure of the body to assess the presence or absence of disease, foreign objects, or structural damage.

Bone Scan (Scintigraphy)

Specialized radiology procedure to examine bones for physical and chemical changes.

Electromyography

Measures muscle response to nerve stimulation, used to detect neuromuscular abnormalities.

Muscle Biopsy

Involves removal of a small muscle tissue sample for examination.

Bone Biopsy

Removal of a small sample of bone for examination, retaining the bone's architecture.

Arthroscopy

A surgical procedure to visualize and treat joint problems using a fiber-optic video camera.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Used to examine bones, joints, and soft tissues for structural abnormalities.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A genetic condition known as brittle bone disease, causing bones to fracture easily due to collagen defects.

Osteomyelitis

Infection of the bone, often caused by bacteria spreading from infected skin or surrounding tissues.

Transient Synovitis

Inflammation of the hip joint causing pain and limping in pre-pubescent children.

Apophysitis

An overuse injury due to repetitive activities attached to tendons in growing children.

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine, can be functional (postural) or structural.

Juvenile Arthritis

Affects joints and may involve blood vessels and connective tissues in children.

Fracture

A break in the continuity or structure of bone, common in children.

Casting

Used to treat musculoskeletal disorders by immobilizing the affected area.

Compartment Syndrome

Occurs when pressure builds up within muscles, causing pain, swelling, and paleness.

Traction

A practice of gently pulling on a fractured part to stabilize and realign it.

Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

A kidney disorder characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

Chronic Renal Failure

Gradual loss of kidney function over time, leading to irreversible damage.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of glomeruli causing loss of kidney function and symptoms such as hematuria.

Botulism

A rare but serious illness caused by the toxin of Clostridium botulinum, leading to paralysis.