Neonatal infection

why r neonates prone to Infection

because they have immature innate immunity

what are examples of innate immunity?

They They are skin , neutrophils, macrophages, complement proteins, natural killer cell

adaptive immunity develops after exposure. it's examples are

B lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

antibodies

why do neonate have vague symptoms?

Because of their immature immunity

what are causes of congenital infection?

Torch T for toxoplasmosis

other : TB , varicella, parvovirus

rubella

cytomegalovir

herpes simplex

syphilis hep B hep C hiv

from cause of congenital infections, which one can also cause infection after birth

Cytomegalovirus

what are the two major causes of EONS and which one is common in term

GBS and Ecoli

GBS

what is the most common causes of LONS

coagulase negative staph

causes of neonatal pneumonia

GBS

gram negative enteric aerobes

listeria monocytogen

mycoplasma

chlamydia trachomatis and others

causes of neonatal meningitis

GBS

Ecoli

listeria

strep pneumonia

haemophil influez

define chorioamnionitis

infection if the chorion, amnion and amniotic fluid

clinical chorioamnionitis

fever 39 or 38-38.9 with in….

uterine tenderness

foul smelling vag disch

maternal tachy

fetal tachy

maternal leukocytosis > 12,0000 or 15,000 eithout corticosteroid

common early warnings of neonatal infection are

temperature instability

tachypnea

lethargy

apnea

poor feeding

how does sepsis cause jaundice

liver dysfunction

increased red blood cell breakdown

cholestasis

from investigations of neonatal infections which one is gold standard and other investigations are

blood culture

urine culture

csf exam : gram stain , culture cellcount with diff protein concentration, glucose concentration HSV testing

why protein concentrate increases in infection of neonate

because the inflammation damages blood brain barries

what does left shift mean and why does it occur

means the bone marrow releases immature neutrophils

because infection creates demand

why thrombocytopenia occurs

consume platelets

affect bone marrow

cause DIC

what electrolyte abnormality does neonatal sepsis cause

hyponatremia bc of increased ADH secretion

what are blood biomarkers of infection

immature to total neutrophil ratio >=0.2

CRP

procalcitonin

ferritin

managment of neon sepsis include ampicillin and gentamycin ….amoicilin cover what

listeria monocytogen and enterococcus since cephalosporins dont cover them

gentamycin in sepsis cover

gram negatives esp ecoli

if gentamycin resistant use

cefotaxime or cefepime

why we dont give ceftriaxone in neonates

because it causes

calcium precipitation

rise of kernictures because it displaces bilirubin from albumin

HSV treatment

acyclovir

duration of treatment for

culture positive sepsis

for GBS and uncomplicated meningitis

for complicated infection

7-10 days

14days

21-28 days