Psych 350 exam II review

A child who is diagnosed with autism that doesn't directly create problems until they're introduced to an environment (ex. school) that doesn't function with their systems. This is an example of ___________

Diathesis Stress Approach

Alice watches her door to make sure its lock. The behavior is abnormal but a month ago someone broke in. This is an example of ___________

determinism

in a study, categorizing people who are depressed as having a certain score on a depression inventory or being treated already. This is an example of ___________

operationalize variables

in a study, categorizing people as having low self-esteem based on a score on a self-concept quiz. This is an example of ___________

operationalize variables

when analyzing data, not drawing conclusions from only the pigeons in your area, but looking at all the pigeons in the world. This is an example of the ___________ rule

only exception

A student conducted shows 2% or 2 out of 100 students at Purdue have symptoms that align with schizophrenia. This is an example of ___________

prevalence

later on a study is done comparing students at Purdue diagnosed with schizophrenia in the fall vs how many get diagnosed in the spring. This is an example of ___________

incident

a lack of financial aid has a high relation relation to being diagnosed with schizophrenia. This is an example of ___________

risk factor

Due to where Dr. Allen had their research assistance stand, only students in campus residential living were asked questions, leaving out off campus students. What is this a disadvantage of?

epidemiological survey

After measuring the cases of anxiety in spring 2020 and fall 2021, Purdue could track the spread of anxiety disorder cases during the pandemic, shows where to more funds. What is this an advantage of?

epidemiological survey

Studying a pregnant women who is already drinking to learn about retail alcholhol syndrome. This would be done in what type of study?

correlation study

splitting a study group into women vs men and seeing how they respond to stimuli is an example of what type of experiment?

quasi-experiment

women who drink while pregnant normally have other issues like financial problems that also impact the kids. This could cause problems when studying the effect of FAS and is an example of what type of relationship?

third variable relationship

the more you tip the ta, the higher score you get on an exam. This is an example of a ___________ correlation

positive

the more hours you clock on your phone the lower the gpa is. This is an example of a ___________ correlation

negative

college students, often used in psych studies, are not the average person. This makes them a ___________ participant

nonrandom

Men with depression often present with anger with women with depression tend to present sadness. The ladder fits the depression profile more therefore women get diagnosed more than men. These are examples of what type of tool in the diagnosis process?

diagnosis profile

Weshler Intelligence Scale for Adults/Kids is a ________

intelligence test

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is a __________

personality test

Asking "have you seen an airplane before" on a self-report test to check if any of the clients answers are valid. This is an example of a ___________

validity scale check

a client is given a thematic apperception test (TAT) and asked to tell a story about what they see. This is an example of a ___________ test

projective test

a client is asked to draw a picture of a house, a tree, and a person (HTP). This is an example of a ___________ test

projective test

a professor sitting down a rat on table and asking the class to describe what it's doing. the class says it's "looking for a way down". This is an example of making a _________

inference

a professor sitting down a rat on table and asking the class to describe what it's doing. the class says it's "moving along the edge of the table". This is an example of making a ________

description

Sociologists have followed the activities of adolescent gangs in inner cities. Psychologists have spent weeks observing the behavior of homeless people in train stations and bus terminals. These are example of what type of observation method?

naturalistic

relation between depressive symptoms and negative thoughts are example of?

correlations

the Danish high-risk study that tracked a group of children whose mothers had schizophrenia and who were unmedicated at increased risk of developing the disorder. This study is an ___________ type of study?

longitudinal study

Treatment factors: brief vs. long-term treatment, inpatient vs. outpatient treatment. These are examples of ___________ variables

independent

Physiological variables: measures of physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and brain wave activity. These are examples of ___________ variables

dependent

whether someone behave more aggressively if they consume alcohol is an example of what type of variable?

dependent variable

the type of beverage (alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic) they consume in a laboratory setting is an example of what type of variable?

independent variable

not knowing where you were given an alcoholic or nonalcoholic drink creates what type of test?

blind test

a researcher who sets out to study smoking rates in a local community by interviewing people drinking coffee in late-night cafés will probably overestimate its true prevalence. This is an example of what type of sample?

Unrepresentative sample

Freud's study of the already dead artist and inventor Leonardo de Vinci is an example of what type of study?

case study

In the clinic, the rate of eye tics or squinting was measured for 5 minutes during a baseline period (A). Then the girl was prompted to blink her eyes softly every 5 seconds (B). The experimenters reasoned that voluntary "soft" blinking would activate motor (muscle) responses incompatible with those producing the tic, thereby suppressing the tic. As you can see in Figure 1.3, the tic was virtually eliminated in just a few minutes of practicing the incompatible, or competing, response (soft blinking) but returned to near baseline levels during the reversal phase (A), when the competing response was withdrawn. The positive effects were quickly reinstated during the second treatment period (B). This show cases what type of experiment design?

reversal design

Autism spectrum disorder
Specific learning disorder
Communication disorders

What type of disorder are these?

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Delusional disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder

What type of disorder are these?

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Bipolar disorder
Cyclothymic disorder

What type of disorder are these?

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

What type of disorder are these?

Depressive Disorders

Dissociative amnesia
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
Dissociative identity disorder

What type of disorder are these?

Dissociative Disorders

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder

What type of disorder are these?

Feeding and Eating Disorders

the psychiatric disorder taijin-kyofu-sho (TKS) is common among young men in Japan but rare elsewhere. The disorder is characterized by excessive fear of embarrassing or offending other people and is associated with the value placed on not causing others to feel embarrassed or ashamed in traditional Japanese culture. This is an example of what type of syndrome?

culture-bound syndrome

Ataque de nervous- a way of describing states of emotional distress among Latin American and Latin Mediterranean groups, it most commonly involves features such as shouting uncontrollably, fits of crying, trembling, feelings of warmth or heat rising from the chest to the head, and aggressive verbal or physical behavior. This is an example of what type of syndrome?

culture-bound syndrome

Zar- A term used in a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East to describe the experience of spirit possession. Possession by spirits is often used in these cultures to explain dissociative episodes. This is an example of what type of syndrome?

culture-bound syndrome

people diagnosed with bipolar disorder typically respond to the drug lithium. This is an example of what type of validity?

predictive validity

Adam is studying the lack of motivation to pursue rewarding activities to be a common feature in various psychological disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, and how this deficit may reflect abnormalities in networks of neurons in the brain's reward pathways. Adam's study would be using what type of model?

transdiagnostic model

a gauge of hight that shows a person to be taller or shorted at every measurement. This gauge is ________

unreliable

two teachers may be asked to use a behavioral rating scale to evaluate a child's aggressiveness, hyperactivity, and sociability. in the end, both teachers rated the same child in similar ways. This would be an example of ___________ reliability?

interrater

a test measuring antisocial behavior where people scoring high on the measure later showed more evidence of delinquent or criminal behavior than did low scorers. This showcases what type of validity?

predictive validity

After asking Jane about her mood, Jane says she's often sad and unmotivated. The clinician decides to ask further questions base on this information. What type of interview is this?

semistructured interview

before going into an annual check up. Oliver is given a tablet which asks question like "on a scale of one to seven how have you been sleeping" "on a scale of 1 to 7 how much energy have you had" What type of interview is this?

computerized interview

on the MMPI-2 test you are asked to rank your relation to the statement "Nothing seems to interest me anymore. My sleep is often disturbed by worrisome thoughts." on a scale of seven. What is this measuring?

depression

on the MMPI-2 test you are asked to rank your relation to the statement "I sometimes become flushed for no apparent reason." on a scale of seven. What is this measuring?

hysteria

on the MMPI-2 test you are asked to rank your relation to the statement "It's not safe to trust anyone these days." on a scale of seven. What is this measuring?

paranoia

on the MMPI-2 test you are asked to rank your relation to the statement "Things seem unreal to me at times. I sometimes hear things that other people can't hear." on a scale of seven. What is this measuring?

schizophrenia

on the MMPI-2 test you are asked to rank your relation to the statement "I sometimes take on more tasks than I can possibly do." on a scale of seven. What is this measuring?

hypomania

while taking the Halstead-Reitan test battery, Jackson is shown flashes of various stimuli and asked to find what links the stimuli together. This is the category test and Jackson performance on it will reflect what part of his brain?

frontal lobe

while taking the Halstead-Reitan test battery, Jackson hears 30 pairs of rhythmic beats and asked whether the beats in each pair are the same. This is the rhythm, test and Jackson performance on it will reflect what part of his brain?

temporal lobe

Behavioral assessments focus on behavioral observation in normal setting like school or home, thus it's trying to measure the clients behavior on what situation?

real life

to get better knowledge of Alice's panic attacks, her therapist sits her down and asks her questions related to when, where, how often, under what circumstances the attacks happen. What type of interview if this?

behavioral interview

Dr. Jeff is given a video tape of 6 year-old Alex's behavior to study in hopes of finding an explanation for Alex's violent outbursts and possessive tendencies. What technique is Dr. Jeff using?

direct observation

6 year-old Alex is taken into an office room with some toys from home and given time to play with them. However, the new environment and knowledge that Dr. Jeff might come in at any second causes Alex to display new, better behaved, behavior. This is a possible downside of what?

direct observation

6 year-old Alex is taken into an office room with some toys from home and given time to play with them. However, the new environment and knowledge that Dr. Jeff might come in at any second causes Alex to display new, better behaved, behavior. This is an example of what possible effect in direct observation?

reactivity

Dr. Jeff, along with grad student Jason and Claire and Dr. Andwers, spend a week watching 6 year-old Alex's behavior. Overtime, their ratings of the behavior start to differ from each other and the coding method. This is an example of what possible effect in direct observation?

observer drift

Dr. Micca askes Lilli to track her mood, sleep patterns, and certain thoughts in a worksheet journal between now and their next meeting. This is an example of what data collecting method?

self-monitoring

Jackie has arachnophobia and joins Dr. Milo in a lab where there is a box that she is told has a spider in it. Dr. Milo then observes Jackie's behavior to see if she looks at, walks up to, touches, or open the box. This is an example of what analogue measure?

Behavioral Approach Task (BAT)

self-monitoring, especially ones thoughts, is offend used in what type of assessment?

Cognitive assessment

Andie sleeps in a hospital where they are attached to a machine that monitors the electrical activity in the brain while they sleep in an attempt to determine if they have sleep apnea. What machine would Andie have been hooked up to?

EEG

Lucas is sent into a large metal tube that takes picture of his brain via radio waves WHILE he does other activities. What machine would Lucas have been hooked up to?

fMRI

Marie is injected with some liquid and then sat down in machine and told to listen to music. Dr. Andrews looks at where the brain is metabolizing the liquid to see what parts of the brain are most active. What type of machine was used here?

PET

scientific method

a systematic method of conduction scientific research in which theories or assumptions are examined in light of evidence

hypothesis

a prediction that is tested through experimentation

experimental method

a scientific method that aims to discover cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables

informed consent

the principle that research participants should receive enough information about an experiment beforehand to decide freely whether to participate

Confidentiality

protection of research participants by keeping records secure and not disclosing their identities

naturalistic observation method

a research method in which behavior is observed and measured in its natural environment

correlation method

a scientific method of study that examines the relationship between factors or variables expressed in statistical terms

correlation coefficient

a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that ranges between -1.00 and 1.00

longitudinal study

a research study in which subjects are followed over time

independent variable

factors that are manipulated in experiments

experimental group

in an experiment, a group that receives the experimental treatment

dependent variable

factors that are observed in order to determine the effects of manipulating an independent variable

control group

in an experiment, a group does not receive the experimental treatment

selection factor

a type of bias in which differences between experimental and control groups result from differences in the types of participants in the group not from the influence of the independent variable

blind

a state of being unaware of whether one has received an experimental treatment of placebo

placebo

an inert medication or bogus treatment that is intended to control for expectancy effects

internal validity

the degree to which manipulation of the independent variables can be causally related to the changes within the dependent variable

external validity

the degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions

construct validity

1) in experimentation, the degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms (constructs) represents to independent variables / 2) in measurement, the degree to which a test measures the hypothetical construct that I purports to measure

epidemiological method

research studies that track rates of occurrence of particular disorders among different population groups

survey method

research method in which samples of people are questioned by means of a survey instrument such as a questionnaire or interview protocol

incidence

the number of new cases of a disorder that occurs whiten a specific period of time

prevalence

the overall number of cases of a disorder in a population within a specific period of time

random sample

a sample that is drawn in such a way that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included

random assignment

a method of assigning research subjects at random to experimental or control groups to balance the characteristics of people who comprise them

genotype

the set of traits specified by an individual's genetic code

phenotype

an individual's actual or expressed traits

proband

the case first diagnosed with a given disorder (thing patient zero)

adoptee studies

Studies that compare the traits and behavior patterns of adopted children to those of their biological parents and their adoptive parents.

case studies

carefully drawn biographies based on clinical interviews, observations, and psychological tests