Rh Disease and Cirrhosis

Flashcards on Rh Disease and Cirrhosis.

What is another name for Rh?

Rh disease.

What happens when an Rh negative mother is exposed to an Rh positive fetus?

The Rh negative mother develops antibodies against the Rh positive fetus.

How does the mother's body perceive an Rh positive fetus?

The body finds the positive fetus as a foreign body.

What can the antibodies from the mother do to the fetus?

It can cross the placenta and attack the red blood cells of the baby.

What happens when the RBCs of the fetus are attacked?

Fetal anemia.

When can incompatibility potentially lead to fetal death in subsequent pregnancies?

First pregnancy or even if a woman miscarries.

When is the blood likely to mix between the mother and fetus?

During delivery.

Is mom always gonna be Rh negative?

Mom is always gonna be Rh negative.

When does Mom have to get a shot if the baby's positive?

Right away after delivery.

What are the potential complications of Rh incompatibility?

Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hydrops fetalis, and kernicterus.

What is hydrops fetalis?

Fluid accumulation in the baby's body.

What is Kernicterus?

Buildup of proteins in the blood.

During the first pregnancy, when is there a problem?

During the first delivery.

How to prevent the development of Rh antibodies?

Shot of Rh immunoglobulin at twenty eight weeks.

What is another treatment besides the RhoGram shot?

Intrauterine blood transfusion.

What organ severely scars in cirrhosis?

The liver.

How does cirrhosis progress its electrolyte imbalances?

It causes peripheral dilation, which then triggers the RAA system.

Why would release of antidiuretic hormone cause fluid retention?

Because it's the opposite of a diuretic.

What happens when the ascites starts to form?

Albumin level rises, lymphatic dysfunction, and it causes fluid to leak from the blood vessel into the peritoneal cavity.

What organ fails in hepatorenal failure?

The kidneys.

What always follows sodium?

Water.

What does the portal vein do?

It carries blood from the the digestive organs or the GI organs to the liver and causes fluid retention.

End of the line, your liver is that your kidneys avail?

No.

How do cirrhosis patients present?

Thin up here, huge belly, and, like, huge legs.

In what organ does potassium get excluded?

In the kidneys.

What is cachexia?

Muscle wasting.

What labs are you always gonna watch for cirrhosis?

LFTs, ammonia levels, alk phos, albumin, PT INR.

What is a PT INR?

Coagulation studies.

What are the treatments for cirrhosis?

Sodium restriction and diuretics.

What does the peg paracentesis do?

Directly pulling fluid off of the belly.

If you don't decrease this fluid in the abdomen, what happens?

The Heart and lungs.

What happens happens after the paracentesis?

Albumin infusion.

What are the treatments in cirrhosis?

Vasopressin and liver transplants.

What is the supportive care for nursing in cirrhosis?

Symptom management.

What support does a patient need?

Nutritional support and emotional, spiritual too.

What happens if I increase a patients legs?

You're just gonna flood the organs.

Can I elevate above the heart with cirrhosis?

You cannot never elevate above the heart.

The flashcard set is about Rh Disease and what?

Cirrhosis

How would you define Cirrhosis?

Cirrhosis is severe liver scarring that disrupts the liver's ability to function.

What causes ascites in cirrhosis?

Fluid collects in the peritoneal cavity due to increased leakage from blood vessels.

Why does hyponatremia occur in cirrhosis?

Sodium and water retention, leading to dilution of sodium in the blood.

Explain portal hypertension and its effect on fluid retention.

Increased pressure in the portal vein due to cirrhosis, causing fluid to accumulate.

Describe the typical physical appearance of a patient with ascites.

Thin upper body, distended abdomen, edema in the lower extremities.

Why is hyperkalemia common in patients with end-stage cirrhosis?

Kidney dysfunction leads to impaired potassium excretion.

What does cachexia refer to in the context of cirrhosis?

Muscle wasting, especially in the extremities.

What does 'high LFTs' indicate in cirrhosis?

Elevated liver enzymes.

Why is it important to monitor PT/INR levels in patients with cirrhosis?

The patient has impaired coagulation abilities, leading to increased risk of bleeding.

Why are sodium restrictions prescribed for cirrhosis?

To reduce fluid retention and ascites.

Why is paracentesis performed carefully?

Rapid fluid shifts can destabilize hemodynamics and exacerbate electrolyte imbalances.

How can ascites lead to heart or lung failure?

Fluid overload places stress on the heart and lungs, potentially leading to failure.

What do we need after paracentesis?

These patients need albumin infusion.

Why is nutritional support important for cirrhosis patient?

Nutritional deficiencies.

What is the collaborative approach in cirrhosis?

Advanced directives and planning because the patient is dying.

What should you not do with leg edema with cirrhosis patient?

You will cause fluid overload, which cause lung and heart failure

In intrauterine blood transfusion what do you do for the mom?

Monitor the mom and make the mother higher risk.

Aside from the 28 weeks what other week will likely need treatment of the mom?

A premature baby 4 - 20 weeks.

in Rh disease, it attacks what?

Mommies body.

What are the main complications you have to worry about?

Hemolytic anemia and hydrops fetalis.

Cirrhosis affect what organ?

The liver disrupting electrolyte imbalances.

In cirrhosis what organ are you really worried about?

Liver

What organ usually comes after the liver fails?

Kidney

Sodium always follows what?

water

Ascites increases due to what?

Portal hypertension and increased pressure in the portal veins

Patient physically with ascites look like what?

Nine months pregnant about to give birth

Paracentesis is done how?

A procedure that has to be done carefully and slowly

Hyperkalemia is an indication of what?

Kidney failure

Cacaxic patient means what?

Muscle wasting

High LFTs are what?

High liver enzymes.

The higher then the liver results mean what?

The higher the liver enzymes.

What does PT and INR show?

Coagulation studies to see blood or coagulation

What tests are we watching during cirrhosis?

CMP and complete metabolic panel.

What does FibroScan show you?

How stiff the liver is.

What do we have to look out for with foods and drinks in cirrhosis?

In high sodiums and on INOs

Increasing fluid can harm what organ?

Affecting the portal hypertension

Emotional and spiritual support mean what for the patient?

Always symptom management.

What makes Liver have Hepatitis C or Liver fail?

Liver cancer, alcohol abuse, hepatitis, and fatty deposits around Liver

After the vasopressin what should you ALWAYS due besides monitor with liver cirrhosis treatment?

Monitor

The picture describes the portal hypertension which causes what things directly?

The portal hypertension with digestion or GI organs and causes issues with blood vessels.

Why should you never raise the feet up above the heart during fluid overload in a patient?

You’ll kill the patients.

You’re gonna see your albumin levels ( Blank space ) during cirrhosis

Decreasing

Cirrhosis is a severe _ condition of the liver and electrolyte imbalances

Liver

Diagram on the PowerPoints shows pressure on the _ can increase fluid.

Portal Vein

Hyponatremia occurs because of what during kidney's failures?

Inability to balance Sodium Sodium Levels

In Kidney's failing what leads to low urine output?

Kidney's are failing.

Physicians are always watching CMP which stands for WHAT metabolic panel?

Complete

In end' stage patients during care the healthcare staff works to assess their spiritual and what?

Emotional Status

The most crucial part when nursing judgment comes in to is to do what?

Monitor Labs

Rh negative mother and Rh positive fetus during the first pregnancy means

Blood may not mix.

Cirrhosis effects what organ?

Liver

Liver failure affects which other organ?

Kidney

Hyponatremia occurs because and _ is retained.

Sodium, water.

Ascites occurs dueto what?

Portal hypertension

What does sodium always follow?

Water

In liver cirrhosis what does the liver not make enough of?

Coagulation factors, protein.

What intravenous solution is given to a liver failure patient?

Albumin.

If you have a cirrhosis patient who has a big belly what is the appropriate management?

Nutrition support and emotional care.

Administer Rogham shot at week ____.

28

_ shot given to pregnant women with Rh incompatibility.

Rhogam

If mom is negative then fetus must be .

Positive

_ is the term for excessive protein in blood.

Kernicterus