11/23 - Reservoirs

Soil

What is the main reservoir for: B. anthracis, B. cereus, C. perfringens, C. tetani, C. botulinum, and Coccidides?

B. anthracis

Which species is a gram-positive, aerobic, sporulating, non-motile rod that is found sporadically to cause infection and can cause it in three ways?

Cutaneous, Intestinal, Pulmonary

What are the three infectious mechanisms of B. anthracis?

Wool

Processing of what has been known to lead to cutaneous infection of B. anthracis?

B. cereus

Which species is a gram-positive, aerobic, motile, sporulating rod that is found in low levels of raw and dried food such as rice?

Emetic, Diarrheal

What are the two forms by which the toxin of B. cereus can cause illness?

C. perfringens

Which species is a gram-positive, sporulating, non-motile, obligate anerobe rod that secretes an endotoxin called alpha toxin and can cause gas gangrene?

food poisoning, wound contamination

What are the two main ways of infection done by C. perfringens? One will cause gas gangrene.

C. tetani

Which species is a gram-positive, motile, sporulating, obligate anerobe rod that secretes a neurotoxin and is catalase and SOD negative? It is spread by contamination of a wound with spores.

Spastic

What type of paralysis is done by C. tetani?

C. botulinum

What species is a gram-positive, sporulating, obligate anerobe, rod that comes in 7 types and secretes a neurotoxin? It can be food-borne or rarely enter through a wound.

Neurotoxin

What type of toxin do C. tetani and C. botulinum secrete?

Flaccid

What type of paralysis is done by C. botulinum?

Adult, Infant, Wound

What are three mechanisms used by C. botulinum to cause infection?

Coccidoides

What species is a dimorphic fungus, includes 2 species, and causes valley fever?

Valley fever

What is the term for the disease caused by Coccidoides which is obtained by inhalation of even one spore and leads to dry cough and fever?

Water

What is the main reservoir for: L. pneumophila, V. parahaemophilus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, and N. fowleri?

L. pneumophila

Which species is a gram-negative, obligate anerobe, that must enter the lungs to cause infection, is found worldwide, can cause Legionnaire’s disease and Pontiac fever and can occur in AC units?

V. vulnificus

Which species is a gram-negative, motile, curved rod that is halophilic, the only lactose-fermenting vibrio and is found in brackish/saltwater and causes necrotizing fasciitis such as in tattoos?

Lactose

V. vulnificus is the only vibrio species that can ferment what sugar?

V. parahaemophilus

Which species is a gram-negative, halophilic, non-sporulating, non lactose-fermenting vibrio with dual flagellar systems and causes disease by being ingested with raw seafood?

Polar, Lateral

What are the two flagellar systems used by V. parahaemophilus?

Swimming

What is the polar flagella used for in V. parahaemophilus?

Swarming

What is the lateral flagella used for in V. parahaemophilus?

gastroenteritis, wound infection, septicemia

What are the three possible results of infection with V. parahaemophilus?

V. cholerae

Which species is gram-negative, highly motile, non lactose-fermenting, and has a single polar flagella? It has many serogroups but only two disease-causing ones.

O1, O139

What are the two disease causing serogroups of V. cholerae?

TCBS

What agar is used to identify V. cholerae, and will turn from green to yellow if they grow on it?

N. fowleri

What species is a eukaryotic amoeba, thermophilic, with pear-shaped motile cysts? It will invade the brain/meninges and is found in warm freshwater and soil.

PAM

What condition can in rare cases be caused by N. fowleri infection and will cause rapid headache leading to coma and death after infection of the brain and meninges?

Inhaled

N. fowleri can only cause disease if it enters in what way? Ingestion will not cause disease.