Seismic Waves

What is an earthquake?

A natural phenomenon caused by the movement of the Earth's crust at a fault or crack.

What are seismic waves?

Energy waves generated by earthquakes that travel through the Earth and can be detected around the world.

What is the earthquake epicenter?

The point on the Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake occurs.

How do P-Waves travel?

P-Waves travel through both solids and liquids.

How do S-Waves travel?

S-Waves only travel through solids.

What is the shadow zone in relation to seismic waves?

Areas where no waves are detected due to the presence of the Earth's inner composition (e.g., 102° and 143°).

What are the characteristics of P-Waves?

P-Waves are primary waves that are the first to arrive at a seismic station, exhibit a push-pull motion, and can travel through solid and liquid mediums.

What is the characteristic motion of P-Waves?

P-Waves exhibit a push-pull motion (compression).

What characteristics define S-Waves?

S-Waves are secondary waves that follow P-waves, involve shaking or shearing motion, and travel exclusively through solids.

What is the main difference in travel patterns between P-Waves and S-Waves?

P-Waves can travel through both solids and liquids, while S-Waves can only travel through solids.

What is refraction in the context of waves?

The bending of waves as they enter different mediums.

What evidence could you provide to show that sound waves can bend?

Examples of sound waves bending can be illustrated through phenomena like the Doppler effect.

What is the speed of sound in copper?

4600 m/s.

What is the speed of sound in aluminum?

6320 m/s.

What is the primary difference between energy transfer in waves versus matter?

Waves transfer energy without transporting matter.

How do waves interact with matter?

Waves can pass through matter, causing it to respond without transporting the matter itself.

What is the speed of sound in glass?

4540 m/s.