Genetics Exam 1 Chapters 1-6 (McGraw Hill Connect)

The basic unit of heredity is the ___________.

gene

A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______.

allele

The building blocks of DNA are the _____________.

nucleotides

A characteristic that an organism displays is called __________.

trait

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

variations in the nucleotide sequences of DNA

Select traits associated with prokaryotic cells. Check all that apply.

Genetic information is contained within a nucleoid region.

Genetic material is organized as a single circular chromosome.

They have a cell wall surrounding their plasma membrane.

They have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm.

Genetic information is contained within a nucleoid region.

Genetic material is organized as a single circular chromosome.

They have a cell wall surrounding their plasma membrane.

Select the cells that are eukaryotic. Check all that apply.

bacteria

fungi

protists

plants

animals

protists

plants

animals

fungi

A karyotype is a(n) __________.

a display of all of an individual's chromosomes arranged in pairs

Which of the following would contain genetic material that is 100% identical?

homologous chromosomes

sister chromatids

X and Y chromosomes

All of these choices are identical.

sister chromatids

Select the phase when sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase

Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies?

It has the ability to self-fertilize.

It was possible to cross-fertilize one plant with another.

It has easily identifiable traits.

All of these choices are correct.

All choices

In a two-factor cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

3:1

1:2:1

1:1

9:3:3:1

9:3:3:1

Recall that in pea plants, purple flower color is dominant and white is recessive. If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers?

1/2

1/4

6/4

9/16

1/16

9/16

The chi square test is used to prove that a hypothesis is correct.

False. Goodness of Fit

The study of family trees in humans is called a _______ analysis.

pedigree

In a certain family pedigree, you observe that 7 of a couple's 12 children display a disease trait. In the subsequent generation, some of the children of affected individuals have the disease, but none of the children of two unaffected parents do. You conclude that the disease is caused by a ______ allele.

recessive

dominant

redundant

wild-type

dominant

To determine the genotype of a pea plant with purple flowers it was crossed with a pea plant with white flowers. Half of the offspring exhibited the dominant purple flower while the other half had white flowers. What was the genotype of the parental pea plant with the purple flowers?

heterozygous

homozygous dominant

homozygous recessive

can't be determined

heterozygous

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

Xist

The coat color of calico cats is a result of _____.

X- inactivation

Hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder in humans that follows an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. A man with hemophilia and woman without hemophilia have a daughter with hemophilia. If you let H represent the normal allele and h the hemophilia allele, what are the genotypes of the parents?

Mother is XHXh and father is Xh Y.

In four-o'clock plants, red flower color is dominant to white flower color. However, heterozygous plants have a pink color. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their offspring?

1/2 pink 1/2 white

In human blood groups, the fact that an individual can have an AB blood type is an example of ___________.

codominance

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring. What blood type is not possible in their offspring?

All are possible

A _______ allele encodes a protein that is made in the proper amount and functions normally.

wild-type

The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by an autosomal dominant allele that is lethal in the homozygous state. Cats that are homozygous recessive have a normal tail. A female Manx cat mates with a male Manx cat. What percentage of the offspring is expected to have normal tails?

1/3

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the maternal effect?

nurse cells

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted and which is expressed?

paternal, paternal

Where is extra-nuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

mitochondria

What is the type of inheritance that is based on a reversible modification of genomic DNA that results in the alleles of only one parent being transcriptionally active?

epigenetic

The current molecular explanation for imprinting in mammals involves differential _______ of various DNA regions.

methylation