Elizabeth and Religion

What happened six months after the Pacification of Ghent?

Philip II sent a new army to attack the Dutch

What religion was Scotland in 1558?

Catholic

Who did MQOS marry?

Francis II, heir of the French throne

What religion is Ireland?

Majority Catholic

What did Henry VIII do in 1541 in relation to Ireland?

He pronounced himself 'King of Ireland', changing it from Lord

What religion were the French kings?

Strongly Catholic

What were the french Protestant minority called?

Hugouenots

How influential were the Hugouenots?

They were influential at every level of society

What religion was Spain?

A Catholic superpower

Which two big nations were at war at the start of Elizabeth's reign?

France and Spain

What religion was Switzerland?

The centre of radical Protestantism

Where was Zwinglinism from?

Zurich

Where was Calvinism from?

Geneva

What religion was the Holy Roman Empire?

Ruled by the Catholic Hapsburgs but they were a secular head. Some states were Protestant

What's a convocation?

An assembly of clergy who would discuss Church matters

Who opposed Elizabeth's religious settlement in Parliament in January-March 1559 during her first Parliament?

All 17 bishops opposed Royal Supremacy and 18 lay peers opposed doctrinal changes

How did Elizabeth and Cecil manage to get her religious settlement through Parliament?

They created a debate on scripture alone on religious issues, which caused the bishops to walk out in protest. Elizabeth then was able to send Bishops White and Watson to the Tower and these two votes proved key in the next vote.

How did Elizabeth placate conservatives surrounding her gender as the head of the Church?

She changed her title to 'Supreme Head' to 'Supreme Governor'

How many clergy approved of Elizabeth's religious settlement and what does this show?

None, which shows Elizabeth's power over them to create religious change and their lack of threat

When was the Act of Supremacy?

May 1559

What did the Act of Supremacy require all clergy to do?

It required all clergy to take an oath recognising Royal Supremacy over the Church

What did the Act of Supremacy allow Elizabeth to do?

It meant she could remove Catholic clergy who refused to take the oath

How many Catholic bishops resisted the oath in the Act of Supremacy?

All but 2

When was it decided that Matthew Parker would become Archbishop of Canterbury?

May 1559, following the Act of Supremacy

When was the Act of Uniformity?

May 1559

What did the Act of Uniformity deal with?

It dealt with religious beliefs

Give two examples of rules made in the Act of Uniformity

Attendance at Church on Sundays and Holy Days were made compulsory and crosses and candlesticks were allowed to be placed on the Communion table

What scripture was included in the Act of Uniformity?

The new Book of Common Prayer, which was a mix of the 1549 book and the 1552 one in order to please Lutherans, Catholics and Zwinglians

What did the Act of Uniformity allow in relation to objects in Church?

It allowed candlesticks and crosses to be placed on the Communion table

When were the Royal Injunctions?

July 1559

Who drew up the Royal Injuctions and how many were there?

William Cecil drew up 57 injunctions

What was the purpose of the Royal Injunctions?

They filled in a lot of the detail about day-to-day organisation of the Church that wasn't included in the Act of Uniformity

How often did preachers have to preach under the Royal Injunctions?

Once a month

What did every Church have to display under the Royal Injunctions?

A Bible in English

What was every parson expected to instruct young members of a parish to know under the Royal Injunctions?

The Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer

What did Protestants think about the Royal Injunctions?

They were pleased by some aspects but the radicals felt that it didn't go far enough

What is an example of radical Protestants not being satisfied wiht the Royal Injuncitons?

They were not pleased with the reversal of Black Rubric on kneeling (being allowed to kneel while taking Communion)

When were the Thirty Nine Articles introduced and by who?

1563 by the Convocation

When did the Thirty Nine Articles become law and in which Act?

When Parliament passed the Subscription Act in 1571

What were the Thirty Nine Articles heavily influenced by?

Edward's Forty Two Articles

Which forms of Protestantism were the Thirty Nine Articles made up of?

It was a mix of Lutheran, Zwinglian and Calvinist

Which Act saw the English Church officially break from Rome?

In the Act of Supremacy

What did the Thirty Nine Articles deal with?

Church Doctrine

Give an example of marriage which might have made Elizabeth cautious about marrying

Mary's marriage to Philip II

What religious mistakes will Elizabeth have learnt from under Edward and Mary?

Not to move too quickly into religious change and not to persecute Catholics like Mary persecuted Protestants

How did Elizabeth learn about rebellions from Edward and Mary's reigns?

How to deal with them

Who was Elizabeth molested by when she was young and what did this mean?

She was molested by Thomas Seymour and it will have created issues around trust and created awareness of the motives of powerful men

When was Anne Boleyn executed?

19 May 1536

How old was Elizabeth when Anne Boleyn was executed?

3

What effect did Anne Boleyn's execution have on Elizabeth?

It made Elizabeth a bastard as the marriage was declared null and void, which made her aware of her legitimacy

What effect did Anne Boleyn's execution and marriage to her father have on Elizabeth's religious outlook?

It meant that Elizabeth had to make England Protestant because she is the product of Protestantism

What did her parents think of Elizabeth's sex?

They were disappointed by it

What did Mary do to Elizabeth following Wyatt's rebellion and what was its effect on Elizabeth?

Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower, which made her much more cautious after and showed her strength to get through difficult times

At the start of Elizabeth's reign, who returned from Europe with more extreme Protestant ideas?

Marian exiles

What were the majority of people at the start of Elizabeth's reign religiously?

Catholic

What was the majority of the nobility at the start of Elizabeth's reign in terms of religion?

Catholic

What did Catholics believe in the mass?

They believed in transubstantiation, which is that the wine and bread actually transform into the body and blood of Jesus

What were the way to heaven for Catholics?

The seven sacraments

Give four of the seven sacraments

Baptism, eucharist, confession and matrimony

What does Erastian mean?

Head of the Church is also head of state

Was Lutheranism Eratstian?

Yes

What did Lutherans emphassis study on?

They emphasised study on the Bible

What did Lutherans believe only in and what was this called?

"Sola scriptura"

What were the two sacraments in lutheranism?

Baptism and Communion

What vestments did clergy wear in Lutheranism?

Simple vestments

What did Lutherans believe happened to the bread and wine at Communion?

They believed that there was only a physical presence at communion, not transubstantiation

Who did Zwinglianists believe was the only person who could be head of the Church?

Jesus Christ

What did Zwinglianists place great emphasis on?

The bible

How did Zwinglianists see Communion?

They saw it as a memorial to the last supper

What Zwinglianists reject?

Masses for the dead and use of statues and paintings in churches

Who chose the clergy in Calvinism?

A groupElders

What did Calvinists believe in relation to heaven?

Predestination

What type of vestments did Calvinist clergy wear?

Simple vestments

What were Calvinists called in England and Scotland?

Presbyterians

What was the latin name for middle way?

Media via

What type of church organisation was enforced in the Act of Supremacy?

Hierarchical Church Organisation

What were altars replaced with in the Act of Uniformity?

Communion tables

What were used in Communion under the Royal Injunctions?

Wafers

Who was Elizabeth still at war with in 1558?

France

When was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis and what did it do?

1559 and it made peace with France

When did MQOS arrive in England?

1568

By the end of Elizabeth's reign, what percentage of the population was Catholic?

1-2%

How did the amount of Catholics decrease over Elizabeth's reign?

By slow and sustained exposure to Protestantism, the vast majority drifted into conformity and their children or grandchildren became Protestants

When did Mary return to Scotland from France?

1561

Who did MQOS marry in France and when did he die?

Francis II he died in 1560

Who did Mary give the Scottish crown to when she abdicated?

James VI

How many Parish priests refused the Oath of Supremacy?

Only 300

What punishment did Elizabeth create for failure to attend Church?

Shilling fines

What fine did Elizabeth introduce for failure to perform a Mass?

A 400 mark fine and then imprisonment for second or third offences

What opposition did Churchwardens create?

They were reluctant to enforce punishent and paid priests to read the mass

Who was the Pope in the first decade of Elizabeth's reign?

Pius IV

When did Pius V become pope?

1566

Why did Pius IV take an inactive stance towards Elizabeth in the first decade of her reign?

Because he hoped she might revert to Catholicism and Philip II wanted to maintain good relations

When did Pius V issue the Papal Bull?

22 Feb 1570

What event prompted Pius V to issue the Papal Bull?

The Northern Earl's revolt

What was contained in the Papal Bull?

It excommunicated Elizabeth and excommunicated any Catholics who obeyed Elizabeth

What was the Papal Bull's effect on the English public?

It was virtually ignored by its intended audience

When was the Treason Act and what did it do?

1571, it made it a treasonable offence to deny that Elizabeth was the lawful Queen and that anyone who used any Bull to convert or reconvert a person to Catholicism was guilty of the same offence

What did Elizabeth veto following the Papal Bull?

She vetoed a bill that wanted to punish recusants more

What was the name of the Earl of Westmorland?

Charles Neville