AP Human Geography - Chapter 4 Vocab

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that represents shifts in the growth of the world's populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate.

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death.

Natality

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population over a given period.

Malthusian Theory

Population grows exponentially while the food supply grows arithmetically, inevitably leading to a crisis where population exceeds the Earth's capacity, resulting in famine, war, and disease.

Pronatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth.

Antinatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth.

Social Values

The shared beliefs, customs, and forms of behavior that a group of people hold dear, which shape their culture and identity.

Chain Migration

Type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there.

Ravenstein's laws of migration

A set of 11 generalizations about migration patterns that describe why, how, and from where people move.

Birth rates

The annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a specific population.

Death rates

The ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time, usually calculated as the number of deaths per one thousand people per year.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

Dependency ratio

The number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (age 15 to 64), multiplied by 100.