abeka chemistry 11 section 6.1

energy

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all chemical reactions involve __________ changes

chemical bonds

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chemical reactions involve a reshuf­fling of atoms held together by forces that form __________ _________

chemical thermodynamics

the area of chemistry that deals with applying thermodynamic principles to energy changes in chemical reactions

energy

ability to do work and change matter

law of conservation of energy

law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed

kinetic energy

energy of motion

potential energy

energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it

system

the portion of the universe or the sample of matter being studied

surroundings

everything in the universe outside the system

internal energy

sum of all the possible forms of energy of the ions, atoms, and molecules in a system

E

what’s the symbol for internal energy?

• value

• changes

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the actual __________ of internal energy cannot be measured, but ____________ in internal energy can be measured

state function

thermodynamic property whose value is determined only by the state of the system

independent

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internal energy is ____________ of the path taken to reach a particular state and of the system’s history

first law of thermodynamics

law stating that the energy gained (or lost) by a system equals the energy lost (or gained) by the surroundings

heat

transfer of energy as a result of a temperature difference

Q

what’s the symbol of heat?

work

transfer of energy through a force applied across a distance

W

what’s the symbol for work?

joule

SI unit of energy and energy transfer

J

what’s the symbol for joule?

joule

fill in the blank

one _________ is the work done by exerting a force of one newton over a distance of one meter