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energy
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all chemical reactions involve __________ changes
chemical bonds
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chemical reactions involve a reshuffling of atoms held together by forces that form __________ _________
chemical thermodynamics
the area of chemistry that deals with applying thermodynamic principles to energy changes in chemical reactions
energy
ability to do work and change matter
law of conservation of energy
law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed
kinetic energy
energy of motion
potential energy
energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it
system
the portion of the universe or the sample of matter being studied
surroundings
everything in the universe outside the system
internal energy
sum of all the possible forms of energy of the ions, atoms, and molecules in a system
E
what’s the symbol for internal energy?
value
changes
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the actual __________ of internal energy cannot be measured, but ____________ in internal energy can be measured
state function
thermodynamic property whose value is determined only by the state of the system
independent
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internal energy is ____________ of the path taken to reach a particular state and of the system’s history
first law of thermodynamics
law stating that the energy gained (or lost) by a system equals the energy lost (or gained) by the surroundings
heat
transfer of energy as a result of a temperature difference
Q
what’s the symbol of heat?
work
transfer of energy through a force applied across a distance
W
what’s the symbol for work?
joule
SI unit of energy and energy transfer
J
what’s the symbol for joule?
joule
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one _________ is the work done by exerting a force of one newton over a distance of one meter
Note 
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