AP World test #1 Islam + China

where the world’s first civilization was located

mesopotamia (present day iraq)

world’s three most popular monotheistic religions

Judaism, Islam, Christianity

name of the first dynasty in chinese history

Xia / Shang

the roman empire collapsed in 

476 A.D.

the river egyptian civilization was built on

Nile

the world’s first organized code of laws

hammurabi’s code

Democracy first began in this city

Athens, Greece

In what country was the magna carta (1215) written?

England

This system is based on ownership of land

Fuedal system

The renaissance began in this city

Florence, Italy

The birthplace of the industrial revolution

Great Britain

Islam was founded in this present day country

Saudi Arabia

The great wall of China was built to

protect against invaders, serve as a symbol of their isolationist / homogenous culture

This treaty ended WWI

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

WWII ended in

1945

The most important technology in world history

agriculture, stone tools

The world’s first true civilization was founded by

The Sumerians

Technology has changed dramatically over the course of human history

while the needs of the human person have remained relatively the same

Agriculture…

• led to the development of civilization

• began in the fertile crescent

• led to an increase in population

• developed largely through trial and error

The definition of the word “history”

written past events

5 key traits of a civilization

1. growth of cities

2. complex institutions

3. skilled workers

4. advanced technology

5. system of writing

Two main religions of early civilizations

Islam and Christianity

The first civilizations were founded on these two rivers

Tigris and Euphrates

5 most important animals in world history

cow, pig, goat, sheep, horse

Yali’s big question

why did certain groups of people end up with more resources than others?

Technology begets…

more technology

Significance of Alexander the Great’s empire

Spread of language and culture, founded cities and trade routes

World history is like an onion because…

you must peel back the layers for greater understanding

the capital of the Islam empire during the “golden age”

Baghdad

The name of the nomads that inhabited the Arabian peninsula

The Bedouin

The laws taken from the Quran that enables Muslim leaders to create a central government and run a well-ordered society

Sharia

The silk road was significant to the Islamic empire because…

it linked the east and west economically

The five pillars of Islam

faith, alms, prayer, pilgrimage, fasting

Why Islam lost the lead in science

War and conquest from Mongols, theological views

“successor of the prophet”, the leaders of the Islamic Empire

Caliph(s)

The travels of Ibn Battuta make for a nice story…

and are relevant to the history of the Islamic empire

The two sects struggling for control of the empire

Sunni and Shia

The collapse of the Islamic empire in 1258 A.D. was caused by

The Mongols

Silk road and ocean trade routes are important because…

They spread Islam language and culture and helped build and develop cities

The Islamic did business with the Europeans and Chinese…

and despite the Sahara desert also interacted with Africa

The primary way people of the Middle East identify themselves

Arab (by their language)

The three holiest cities in Islam

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

The battle in 732 A.D. that led to the end of the expansion of the Islamic Empire in Western Europe

The battle of tours

The Mongolian Dynasty that ruled China

Yuan

A period of strength, decline, and replacement that every dynasty in Chinese history goes through

Dynastic cycle

The name of the central government created in China as a result of the examination system

Bureaucracy

5 Basic relationships in Confucianism

Husband and wife, father and son (most important), friend and friend, emperor and subject, older brother and younger brother

Confucianism is centered around

family, wisdom through relationships

The building project that helped unify northern and southern China

The grand canal

term for a Mongolian group leader

Khan

The foot binding of women in chinse history was a ritual that…

demonstrated the society was deeply patriarchal

Legalism is centered around…

order through law

Daoism is centered around…

wisdom through nature

Agriculture began… (when and where)

Fertile crescent (Mediterranean) around 8500 B.C.

Why did agriculture develop the places it did

The subtropical climate with fresh water and fertile soil, variety of crops, variety of animals

Three reasons agriculture has been beneficial for the development of civilization

development of farming technology gave way to further advancements, increase in trade with neighboring groups and varied economies, and increase in population density.

Principle attributes of Allah

He is the light of the heavens and the earth, he knows all things, and he guides people

Main religious obligations of Muslims

pray regularly, practice charity, worship and celebrate Allah, pilgrimage to mecca, fasting on Ramadan

Major offense against islamic rules

seizing property with intent to waste it, to look at or touch a woman, be stingy instead of business

How did Islam react to other religions

treat them with kindness and respect yet urged others to convert to experience the rewards of Allah

Three ways Muslims “won”

Advancements in learning and academic institutions, scientific advancements in harmony with and encouraged by faith, and these advancements gave them global influence

Three ways Muslims “lost”

dependence on patrons made financial setbacks, conquered by outsiders with different ways of thinking, and underrepresentation in science due to integration of religion

Three ways Confucianism impacted Chinese history

because it is an ethical system it impacts the everyday life and decisions of citizens, the development of family and home life, and the structure of the government as the extension of family

What did Marco Polo find noteworthy about Hangzhou

large and vibrant city with grand buildings and bridges, the diversity of food, animals, and busy markets

TSPICE

technology, society, politics, interaction with environment, culture, economics

Transition / learning period of agriculture

10,000-3,500 B.C.

Biggest river valley civilizations

sumerians, egyptians, indus river, china

System of writing used by Sumerians

Cuneiform

Capital city of Persia

Persopolis

the collapse of Rome signifies…

the end of the classical age

Muslim term for “to struggle”

Jihad

Global group of Muslim faith believers

Ummah

Caliphate

the reign of a Muslim leader(s)

Rashidun / Orthodox Caliphate (632-661 CE)

led by Abu Bakr and his son Ali, successful and unified Islam, medina as capital set by Muhammad

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE)

hereditary line of caliphs, controversial, moved capital from Medina to Damascus 

Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517 CE)

moved capital from Damascus to Baghdad, intellectual and artistic

Hadith

something Muhammad said, did, or approved of, passed down by oral tradition

Quraysh

Muhammad’s tribe, rulers of Mecca

Sunni

larger branch of Islam, leaders should be chosen by election

Shia

smaller branch of Islam, believes leaders should be chosen by blood

Abu Bakr

right hand man of Muhammad, first leader after he died