UCSP FINAL EXAM 1st sem

PERFECT MMO PLS

-Cognitive

-Physical

-Emotional

-Cultural

Factors that cause differences

Biological Factor

Inherited genes that distinguish people. ex. skin color hair type, body size

environmental Factor

Ability to adapt to climate, food, pollution, and quality of life.

Cultural Factor

Refers to experiences and interaction people have.

Nationality

People belongs by birth

Nationality

Difficult to change

Nationality

Acquired by birth

Citizenship

May change through legal procedure

Citizenship

legal status of being a member of a country

Jus soli

Identified by the place you were born in

Jus Sanguini

Identified by the blood of parents, used in the philippines

Race

what people see

Race

physical appearance

Ethnicity

how people identify culturally

Ethnicity

culture and tradition

Sex

biological characteristics that distinguish male and female. ex. chromosome, reproductive organ, hormones

Gender

roles, behavior, expectation, and identifies society associated with being male, female, or other genders.

Masculinity

characteristics society usually associate with male. ex. brave, strong, competitive

Feminity

Society usually associate with female. ex. caring, gentle, emotional

Sexual Orientation

refer to whom a person is emotionally attracted to.

Heterosexual

attracted to opposite gender

Homosexual

attracted to same gender

Bisexual

attracted to both gender

Asexual

little to no attraction

Gender Identity

how a person understand and identify their own gender.

Transgender

identifies different gender from birth sex.

Socioeconomic class

a person position on society base on income and social status.

Case system

your socioeconomic class in based on parents' job.

+High-income( business owner, private hospital, private school) - more financial source

+Middle-income(teachers, office worker, government employee) - can meet daily needs

+Low-income(Daily wage worker, seasonal worker) _ struggles to meet basic needs

3 socioeconomic class

Poverty

condition where people lack enough resources to meet basic needs.

Cost of living

amount of money needed to maintain basic standard.

Relative Poverty

Poor in one society but not in another because of cost of living. ex. province 18k is enough but in manila, it is a struggle.

Situational Poverty

temporary poverty because of unexpected events

Generational Poverty

poverty passed from a generation to another

Absolute Poverty

people cannot meet basic needs.

Culture

Way of life shared by a group of people. Includes belief, trad, language, value.

Culture

Small things we do everyday

Way of life

everyday practice and belief of people

Belief

ideas accepted as true

customs

traditional way of behaving

value

standard of what is right and wrong

traditions

practices passed from a generation to another

1. Culture as human perfection

2. culture as a documentary process

3. Culture as a description of a particular way of life

What is Raymond Williams; concept of culture?

Culture as human perfection

help people improve themselves(learning new language)

culture as a documentary process

culture is preserved through record

Culture as a description of a particular way of life

culture is shared way of living and also includes modern practices

1. Culture is learned

2. Culture is shared

3. Culture is symbolic

4. Culture is Dynamic

5. Culture is integrated

6. Culture is adaptive

7. Culture is transmitted

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is learned

not inherited, can be learn through interactions

Culture is shared

culture exist because people share common belief and practices.

Culture is symbolic

culture uses symbols to convey meaning

Culture is Dynamic

this can change overtime

Culture is integrated

part of culture work together and influence one another

Culture is adaptive

culture changes to meet people's need

Culture is transmitted

passed from one generation to another

Symbol

anything representing an idea

Cultural Universal

-practices found in every human society, although expressed differently. (Marriage, language, religion)

Iceberg Theory

explain that some part of culture are visible , while many parts are hidden beneath.

1. Language

2. Symbol

3. Values

4. Norms

5. Artifacts

6. Rituals and traditions

7. Beliefs

What are the Seven elements of culture?

Language

a system of spoken, written, or signed communication that allow people to express.

Symbol

object, gesture, and images that represent an idea

Values

shared ideas bout what is good, important, right(Utang na loob)

Norms

shared rules of expectation that guide people how to behave.

Artifacts

physical object used by people to reflect culture

Rituals and traditions

Rituals are repeated activities with symbolic meaning. Traditions are custom preserved

Beliefs

are ideas that people accept as true. influence how people see the world.

Culture shock

the feeling of confusion when experiencing an unfamiliar culture

1. Honeymoon stage- everything feels exciting

2. Frustration stage- difference become difficult

3. Adjustment Stage - slowly understand culture

4. Adaption Stage - feel confident living in the new culture

What are the stages of culture shock?

1. Cultural Understanding- respect and understand other culture

2. Cultural Awareness- knowing culture exist

3. Cultural Sensitivity- respecting differences

4. Cultural Competence- accepting and promoting diversity

What are the Four stages of cultural understanding?

Cultural Intolerance(ethnocentrism)

believing own culture is superior

Cultural Relativism

understanding another culture based on their perspective

Absolute

accept all culture

Critical

examine practices if human rights are violated

ethnocentrism

your culture is superior

xenocentrism

other culture are better

1. Globalization

2. Technology

3. Migration

4. Media

5. Tourism

6. Trade

Reason for changing culture

Gllobalization

-increasing connection of countries, through tech, education, and transportation

Technology

changes our culture on how people communicate, learn, work, and their free time.

Migration

happen when people move to another country or place to study, live, or work.

Media

youtube, facebook, television, this influences a person

Tourism

tourist with another country to experience new culture or place.

Trade

buying and selling goods, and services between countries

Cultural Imperialism

one culture dominates another

Cultural Imperialism

happens when another country spread their value, belief, tradition, to another country

Edward Said

he said that overtime, people start abandoning own culture

1970

When did edward said, said his view

Cultural Hegemony

A dominant culture becomes the norm

Cultural Hegemony

Occurs when the idea, language, and lifestyle of a dominant culture become natural.

Cultural Diffusion

culture spreads from one society to another. ex. pizza, milktea, anime, basketball

Mcdonaldization

Fast, efficient, predictable, and standardized. ex Fastfood, self-service, online delivery

Cultural Heritage

consist of traditions, objects, places, and practices inherited from previous generations

1. Identity

2. History

3. Culture

4. Pride

5. National Memory

What are the 5 under cultural heritage

National Memory

reminds us the important event or people who shaped our country

Pride

appreciate the achievement of our ancestors

Culture

help preserve our customs, language, art, festivals, and traditions

History

help us understand where we came from

Identity

tells us who we are

1. Tangible Heritage

2. Intanginle Heritage

What are the two type of cultural heritage?

Tangible Heritage

physical objects and places we can see and touch

1. Movable Heritage - object that can be transferred from one place to another. ex. painting, jewel, pottery, documents, sculpture

2. Immovable Heritage - structures that cannot be moved because of size or historical Heritage.

2 types of tangible

Movable Heritage

object that can be transferred from one place to another. ex. painting, jewel, pottery, documents, sculpture