AP World Vocab and Map

Aztec Human Sacrifice

Buddhism

Major world religion; founded in South Asia during 500’s; spread throughout Asia along major trade routes

Bushido

“the way of the warrior”; code of conduct and moral principals that guided the Samurai in Japan

Catholic Church

Pope-led Christian institution that served as the primary cultural, unifying, political power in Western Europe

Champa Rice

A drought resistant rice that caused a food surplus in the Song dynasty, which led to a drastic population increase

Chinese Economic Rev.

The surge in population (from Champa rice) that caused Chinese cities to become urbanized, and commercialized due to the creation of paper money

Chivalry

The systems and customs of knighthood in medieval Europe

Christianity

Monotheistic belief system; founded in 1st century CE; centered on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ

Confucian Beaurocracy

The Chinese system of governing through workers who were taught confucianism and selected through the examination system-replaced aristocratic birthright with merit-based scholars

Confucianism

an ancient Chinese ethical and philosophical system founded by Confucius; It focuses on human morality, proper social behavior, family loyalty, and creating peace and order in society

Feudalism

a social, political, and economic system in medieval Europe. Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and fighting. Poor people and serfs worked the land to grow food and got protection in return

Hinduism

the oldest major polytheistic and monistic belief system originating in the Indian subcontinent; It acts as a core unifier of Indian culture and society

Islam

a monotheistic Abrahamic religion founded in the 7th century CE on the Arabian Peninsula by the Prophet Muhammad. Centered on the holy text, the Quran, it unified diverse populations across Afro-Eurasia to create Dar al-Islam ("the house of Islam") through trade, military expansion, and missionary work

Judaism

the earliest Abrahamic, monotheistic religion; founded in the Middle East

Neo-Confucianism

a revived form of traditional Confucian thought that arose in China during the Song Dynasty - combined confucian ethics with Buddhism

Orthodox Church

a branch of Christianity that grew from the Byzantine Empire, broke from Roman Catholicism, tied to governance of caesaropapism

Ottoman Empire

spread through Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; used military weapons and a central bureaucracy to expand

Paper money

paper currency; made in Song Dynasty; made long-distance trade easier, commercialized markets, made collecting taxes, and managing the economy easier

serfdom

a coerced labor system where agricultural peasants are legally bound to a landowning noble’s estate

Sharia

Religious and legal system of Islam; derived from Quran and Hadith; unified diverse Muslim civilizations across Afro-Eurasia

Sinocentrism

The belief that China is the cultural, political, and economical center of the world

Sufi

Muslim missionaries who spread Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia

The Pope

Bishop of Rome and supreme head of the Roman Catholic church

Tributary System

A system where diplomats would travel China and bring gifts and perform rituals as a way to acknowledge Chinese superiority; in exchange, China would give gifts, trade, and peace

Turkish Tribes

nomadic pastoralists from the Central Asian steppe; spread Islam built powerful military states and founded empires (Seljuk Turks/Ottoman Empire)

Abbasid Caliphate

750-1258 CE; 3rd Islamic caliphate with capital in Baghdad; the central state broke from internal and nomadic pressure (Seljuk Turks)

Black Death spread across Eurasia

1346-1353; caused by bacteria Yersinia pestis; traveled along trade routes (like the Silk road); killed 30-60% of Europes pop

Buddhism begins spreading into China

0~100 CE; originated in South Asia and spread along the Silk Road; changed to fit Chinese traditions

Crusades

1096-1291; series of religious-military campaigns; launched by western European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule

Islam begins spreading along the Silk roads

~750 CE

Islam begins spreading along the sand roads

700~900 CE; Islam spreading across the Sahara Desert

Marco Polo’s travels

1271-1295; journeyed across the silk roads,

Mongol Khanate

1206-1368; 4 semi-autonomous states that the Mongol empire split into after the death of Genghis Khan

Renaissance

1300-1600; the “rebirth” of European culture; marked the transition from the Middle Ages to early Modern times

Song Dynasty

960-1279; “Golden age” of Chinese culture; beaurocratic state based on an examination system; the Chinese Economic Revolution began and increased commercialization and trade in China

Zheng He explores the Ocean

1405-1433; a Ming Dynasty admiral who led seven maritime expeditions across the Indian Ocean