Maue Quiz 22

Glasnost

openness to democratic ideas in the Soviet Union, resulted in Solidarity and free elections in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia

Perestroika

the reshaping of economy and government in the Soviet Union, resulted in Solidarity and free elections in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

1991, Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine declared independence, forming this and killing the former Soviet Union in the process

Shock Therapy

quick introduction of a free market system in Russia under Yeltsin

Inflation

Russian economy failed to improve under Yeltsin

Leonid Brezhnev

Soviet economy stagnated from the 1960s onward under him

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet who allowed the lifting of the Iron Curtain and the creation of new democracies in Eastern Europe. endorsed glasnost and perestroika. his leadership helped with the fall of the Soviet Union, while he began negotiating a new Treaty of Union with leaders of the republics. recognized independence of Lithuania and other Baltic states, resigned at the end of 1991

Lech Walesa

1980s, formed an independent trade union, Solidarity, as the former president of Poland

Solidarity

independent trade union under Lech Walesa. won in a 1989 free election in Poland and resulted in the first non-Communist government in Eastern Europe since WWII

The Berlin Wall

1989 knocked down as a result of lifted travel restrictions between East and West Germany

Helmut Kohl

West German Chancellor who helped negotiate the reunification of Germany, became official in 1990

Boris Yeltsin

Russian president who took steps to reform the economy of Russia by introducing a free market system, ending price controls on most goods, and privatizing state-owned businesses. 1993 Parliament feared he was moving too fast towards a market economy, so he suspended them, and almost got impeached. he later used military to remove the Parliament and elect a new one. resigned in 1999, due to ill health

Vladimir Putin

replaced President Yeltsin, took steps to strengthen state authority, cooperated in the global war on Terrorism and was involved in the Russo-Ukrainian War

African National Congress

formed in 1912, political activity on the part of blacks began with the formation of this. established Umkhonto as an organization to plan “sabotage” against the government

Apartheid

strengthened laws separating blacks and whites in a system of racial segregation, by Afrikaners in the 1950s. blacks who demonstrated against the laws were brutally repressed. F.W. De Klerk repealed all legislation regarding this in 1989

Al Qaeda

terrorist organization responsible for 9/11. used bases to plan terrorist attacks under the Taliban. led by Osama Bin Laden, he was killed by U.S. forces in 2011

Sharia

strict Islamic law believed by the Taliban

Taliban

fundamentalist Islamic government in Afghanistan. believed in Sharia and allowed Al Qaeda to use bases to plan terrorist attacks. when the U.S invaded Afghanistan, they removed this

Afrikaners

South African whites, who strengthened laws separating blacks and whites to apartheid. spoke the language of Afrikaans

Umkhonto

established by the African National Congress as an organization to plan “sabotage” against the government. members of the ANC began to call for armed resistance to the white government after 1962

Homelands

areas with the worst farmland where black Americans were forced to resettle under the Apartheid

Sharpeville Massacre

1960, South African police opened fire on people who were leading a peaceful march. 69 killed, many shot in the back. arrested Nelson Mandela while other members of the ANC began to call for armed resistance to the white government after 1962

Nelson Mandela

leader of the African National Congress who was arrested in 1962, was released from prison in 1989 under De Klerk. he worked with De Klerk to create a new constitution and a peaceful transition to a democratic multi-racial nation. became South Africa’s 1st black president. faced many problems such as redistribution, reconciliation, and ending disputes. pursued economic developments and reforms as well as health reforms

Soweto Uprising

1976, government tried to force the use of Afrikaans in black school. caused widespread rioting throughout the nation

1989

white South Africans elected F.W. De Klerk as president, free elections took place in Poland, forming the first non-Communist government in Eastern Europe since WWII, as well as Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. thousands of East Germans began leaving for West Germany, with the Berlin Wall being knocked down as the government lifted all travel restrictions

FW DeKlerk

1989, elected by South Africans as president. repealed all apartheid legislation as well as released Nelson Mandela and other political leaders from prison. worked with Mandela to create a new constitution and a peaceful transition to a democratic multi-racial nation

1994

South Africa held its first election where people of all races could vote, Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s 1st black president

Osama Bin Laden

Al Qaeda leader, killed by U.S. forces in Afghanistan in 2011