Physical Science - Lesson 2: Hubble's Law and Formation of the Elements

Redshift

• is a measure of how far away the galaxies are.

Extragalactic Object

• Objects outside the galaxy.

Doppler Shift/Effect

• is used to measure the speed at which stars are approaching or receding from us.

He stated that all the galaxies in the universe are rushing away from us at the recession velocity of distant extragalactic objects is directly proportional to its distance.

Edwin Hubble

What did Edwin Hubble proposed to?

Hubble’s Law

When did Edwin Hubble Proposed Hubble’s Law?

1929

What is the concept of Hubble’s Law?

Expansion

The property by which all direction appear indistinguishable to an observer expanding with the universe

Isotropy

is the consequence of motion relative to us.

Cosmological Redshift

Redshift as Astronomical object within the the galaxy interpreted as

Doppler Shift or Effect

14 billion years ago, Science believed that a thin gas of hydrogen condensed to become the earliest star.

Formation of Elements

is the creation of the elements by nuclear reaction and it began when the temperature of primitive universe dropped to about 10 to the 9th power K.

The Nucleosynthesis

begins about one minute after the Big Bang, when the universe has cooled enough to form stable protons and neutrons, after baryogenesis.

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

H-1 or Simply H

Hydrogen

Isotope Deuterium

H-2 or D

Helium Isotopes

He-3 and He-4

is the process by which elements are created within the star by combining the protons and neutrons from the nuclei of lighter elements.

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

All of the atoms in the universe begins as

Hydrogen

Fusion inside the star transform hydrogen to

Helium, Heat, and Radiation

Element formation occurs in such massive stars both during pre-explosion evolution and during the explosion itself.

Supernova Nucleosynthesis

Stellar Nucleosynthesis elements formed are

Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium

Supernova Nucleosynthesis elements formed ranges from

Oxygen through to Iron, also Uranium and Gold.