Origins of Life, Viruses, and Eukaryotic Origins Final Study Guide

BIO112

How old do scientists believe is the earth?

4.5 bya

Date of prokaryotic origins

3.5 bya

Date of eukaryotic origins

2 bya

What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?

~1-10 µm

Why are viruses considered non-living?

They have no membrane, organelles, metabolism, and nucleus, do not respond to stimuli, and rely on host cells for reproduction

What is the typical size range for a virus?

~10-300nm

What are the two structural components that all viruses possess?

Genetic info (RNA or DNA) and a protein coat

Briefly explain the mechanism behind host specificity in viruses.

Host specific, specificity determined by outside of virus and receptors on cell

Name the two mechanisms by which organelles arose

Membrane infolding and endosymbiosis

What organelles were formed by endosymbiosis

mitochondrion and chloroplasts

What organelles were formed by membrane infolding

Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, and nuclear envelope/membrane