US History Test 2

Redlining

A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.

Dulles Brothers

Brothers who were Secretary of State and CIA director under Eisenhower and who dominated US foreign policy and domestic polciy. Overt and Covert policies

Consumerism in 1950s

Post World War II-when buying restrictions were lifted and America faced a new prosperity, buying surged. The automobile, television, suburban shopping, and fast food markets all took off during this time period.

John Dulles

Eisenhower's Sec. of State; harsh anti-Communist; called for more radical measures to roll back communism where it had already spread (containment too cautious)

Alan Dulles

Longest serving Director of Central Intelligence (1953 to 1961). American diplomat, lawyer, banker and public official.

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

Kermit Roosevelt Jr and Alan Dulles

Works in OSS and together they overturn a democratically elected leader in Iran. They have a coup and install a dictator instead of Iran's elected leader (who was a very popular and quite a good leader). Alan sends Kermit to Iran with a million dollars

Joseph McCarthy

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential. He needed an issue for relectiona and created the red scare

CIA in Iran

Overthrow of democratically elected prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh due to Iran trying to monopolize their own oil. Also feared Iran would become communist.

Cold War

The power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II over nucelur weapons and communism

McCarthyism/Red Scare

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

End of McCarthyism

McCarthy called the U.S. army soft on Communism, Senate hearings showed him at his worst; on Dec. 2, 1954 the Senate voted to condemn him for contempt of the Senate, and his political career collapsed. The CIA planted fake evidence in McCarthyism to discredit him. The issue was the CIA and Joseph McCarthy would go head to head and and the CIA would fight back

Civil Rights Movement

Movement in the United States beginning in the 1946-1965 meant to undo segregration and racism for primarly black Americans. Coordianted, powerful movement meant to end inequality.

Televisions and Civil Rights

Televison broadcasted the brutality against the Black Americans and garnered attention from other countries

Cold War and Civil Rights

The cold war pushes America to civil rights legislation because the USSR attacks the US with propaganda about how we aren't really the land of the free and inequality. It became more a matter of foreign policy than civic duty. Non-aligned states don't want to take the side of a racism nation - espically India

Marshall Plan

Signed in 1948 which is an intervention where they send billions of dollars to countries they think are susceptible to communism. Super controversial in the united states because it was payed for with tax payer dollars. Soviet Union labels it 'Dollar Imperialism'

Central Intelligence Agency

An agency created after World War II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad. It became involved in intrigue, conspiracy, and meddling as well. COVERT

Secretary of State

oversees foreign affairs. OVERT

The Bomb and What People Feared

If you live in the mountain range the bombs are always on your mind. America was testing their nukes on the mountain tops - like Las Vegas Nevada. While it didn't kill anyone it had side effects

Survival Town

Completely formed and built towns with water, cars, electricity, and food. No people there - only mannequins. They did this to test how radiation on things and people affected them. 'How close can we get to bombing with no side effects'. These tests came in the fifties

Trinity Project of 1945

First test of bomb was in New Mexico 'Trinity Project' 1945 People lived near to Los Alamos and they got very sick. Government knew about the possibility of danger to people nearby but they buried it to not come out

House Wives as the First Line of Defense

Keep a clean house, Learn how to stock a first aid kit, Serve as a block warden, Keep a 'Grandma's Pantry', Keep a stock of canned goods so you have enough food for any extra people coming to stay. Neighborhood first line of defense

Ideal Family

People are starting to see the 'ideal family' and all are looking the same. This isn't always what happened though. Women are supposed to stay at home and put their families ahead of themselves

Resistance to Conformity

Youth of America and the Arts. They reject the idea of women in the households. 'Beatneck' these are where women and people of color would hang out

White Flight

working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs

Negro Motorist Green Book

tells blacks where it is safe to stop and stay on road trips

Morgan V. Virginia in 1946

segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional

Boynton v. Virginia (1960)

Bus station waiting rooms and restaurants could not be segregated

Sit-ins

protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. Rosa Parks was technically the first

SNCC

(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement

Freedom Rides

a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961. This was for protesting to desegregate the buses and public transit. Originally run by Coor but then taken over by Diana Nash who takes over freedom rides

Diana Nash

Civil rights activist known for her involvement in the Freedom Riders

Freedom Rides Consequences

Total of 430 riders and 328 will end up in prison. Eventually the public transit is desegregated

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

an organization that sought to apply non-violent protest as means of fighting segregation

Birmingham, Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama is the most dangerous place for African Americans in America. The protesters there were being beat and assaulted to such an extent many left deciding it was not worth it. It was nicknamed 'Bombingham'

children march in Birmingham

Martin Luthor King Jr. decides to have children march so they can get as much press as they can. What the goal was in this plan was that the violence would lead to news footage. They wanted this footage to spread and garner attraction from other countries and 'non-aligned' countries. WAS THE TURNING POINT

16th Street Baptist Church Bombing

Church that was bombed by the KKK two weeks after the march on Washington, killing 4 teenage girls. One lived.

Sarah Collins Rudolph

The fifth girl at the 16th street baptist church bombing who survived but lost an eye

March On Washington

'I have a Dream' speech was given here by Martin Luthor King Jr.. This was a huge march and was a march for 'equality' for everyone Not just civil rights, it was labor rights and such too. It was meant to gain the attention of JFK for him to make change

JFK and Civil Rights

Civil Rights movement rode on the president making a change. But then, JFK is assassinated

Andrew, Michael, and James

Three CORE workers who are abducted while trying to help Black people in the south register to vote. The investigation is large because two of the people involved are white - if it was just James (the only Black one) there would not have been much police interference or even looking for them. No one arrested

Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner

White civil rights activists working with CORE. Murdered in MS during Freedom Summer by KKK

James Earl Chaney

Black Civil Rights activist working with CORE. Murdered in MS during Freedom Summer by KKK

Selma March

Protest to register African American voters in the South, violence against protesters

John Lewis

student leader of SNCC who organized sit-ins, spoke in Washington, & marched in Selma

Bloody Sunday

First attempt of the Selma March where They make it to the bridge and then are attacked by police. After Bloody Sunday Martin Luthor King and his movement joins and try to march again two days leader

Turnaround Tuesday

Two days after the events of "Bloody Sunday," approximately 2,500 protestors set off on a second march. A temporary restraining order prevented them from marching all the way to Montgomery

James Reeb

he was a white minister who was active in the Civil Rights Movement. He was a member of the SCLC and took part in the Selma to Montgomery protest march in 1965. In Selma, he was attacked by a white mob with clubs, and he died as a result. His death resulted in a national outcry against the activities of white racists in the Deep South.

Jimmy Lee Jackson

an African American boy who was killed defending his mother from state troopers

Viola Liuzzo

She was a white woman from Detroit, Michigan that was an active role in supporting blacks gaining voting rights. She was killed by the KKK while driving home a black member of the SCLC.

H. Rap Brown

A proponent of Black Power, he succeeded Stokely Carmichael as head of SNCC. He was indicted by inciting riot and for arson. SNCC ends up imploding after white people are expelled from the movement which means they lost their donations

Black Panther Party

Black Panther is always seen as violent but really they were not - they were more militant but not exactly violent. They would carry guns around while marching which was not illegal - it actually lead to lots of gun control laws

Black Panther Sucesses

The Black Panther did things the government claimed they could not. They found a way to feed all school aged kids breakfast which the government said they could not.

They also brought healthcare to the black and brown communities by sending nurses and doctors in vans to the people who needed it.

They weren't violent they were community oriented - they just had a militaristic persona

end of the Black Panther Party

Ronald Regan embeds FBI agents within the Black Panther movement to sow discord and they are able to create such internal conflict leaders step down and the black panther party disbands 1982

Civil Rights Act

1964; banned discrimination. Signed by LBJ

Voting Rights Act

1965 law that banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voter registration. Signed by LBJ

Dulles Brothers View on Foreign Policy

Non-aligned states did not work. Efforts to prevent the spread of communism failed due to the lack of commitment from these nations.

Countries CIA toppled

Guatamala and Iran

How Joseph Mccarthy Succeeded

He capitlized on fear that was already there about communism

Cause of Modern Civil Rights Movement

Blinding of Issac Woodard

Consumerism

Post WW2 boom where people were buying houses, applicances, and automobiles which leads to automobile boom. Stops us from going into a recession. Starts first suburbs.