US GOV Munster High School Gordon Test 1

voting, following laws, keeping up with the news, volunteering

What activities are required of a citizen?

(requirements) following the law (and responsibilities) voting

What is the difference between responsibilities of a citizen and requirements of a citizen?

participation (and law following)

How do you define your role in society and polity?

Alexis De Tocqueville

"the proper civic knowledge, skills, and dispositions" - we need to prepare people to be something bigger than themselves without losing themselves

jus soli

citizenship from being born on US soil
14th Amendment- can't be changed easily

jus sanguinis

citizen by parents or blood
8th Amendment- easier to change than jus soli

naturalization

process of becoming a citizen

expatriation

legal process where loss of citizenship occurs
Congress can't take away citizenship for something someone has done

refugee

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

alien

citizen of a foreign state who lives in this country

enemy combatant

someone from another country who is not a war prisoner because they weren't wearing a uniform
acts of terror
in between zone

government

institution through which society makes and enforces its public policies
an institute of state that maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces laws which are binding

polity

a form or process of a civil government or constitution

nation

ethnic term, referring to races of other large groups of people; people

state

a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically and with power to make law without consent of authority; a country

democracy (also a presidential system), constitutional republic, (and) federal

What type of government do we have?

Pluralistic (but in reality, we are probably a little bit of each)

Is policy making in America best described as pluralistic, hyper-pluralistic, or classist/elitist?

unitary

sovereignty is in central government
adv: central government creates local units of government for its own convenience
disadv: local governments only have the powers that central is willing to give them

federal

When sovereignty is divided.
adv: national and state governments are coequal partners
disadv: conflicts arise and some functions/services are duplicated

confederate

sovereignty is located at the regional level
adv: most power belongs to local governments
disadv: central government only has limited power, which restricts its ability to act on behalf of confederacy as a whole (limits defense and foreign affairs)

presidential government

features separation of powers between executive and legislative branches of government
independent and coequal
president is chosen by people and has fixed term and significant powers that aren't directly controlled by legislature

parliamentary government

executive branch is made up of prime minister or premier and their cabinet
more democratic
leader is chosen by parliament, and then choose people from parliament to be in the cabinet
leader and cabinet remain in office as long as majority of parliament agrees with them
"vote no confidence"

absolute monarchy

there are no limits to what the one ruler can or can't do

constitutional monarchy

one person dominates, but government is limited
a constitution bodies everything that limits

authoritarianism

government controls all of the actions of its subjects

oligarchy

government is ran by a small group of people

totalitarianism

government controls thoughts

aristocracy

government is made up of rich people

theocracy

government controlled by religious leaders

junta

example of oligarchy, military leaders
usually result of ku

republic

choose policymakers to make decisions for the common good

democracy

rule by the people

plutocracy

government by many or all

anarchy

no government at all- basically a state of nature

traditional democratic theory

Robert Dahl
1) equality in voting
2) effective participation
3) enlightened understanding
4) citizen control of the agenda
5) inclusion

small to big

What is the size and scope of American government?

public policy

whatever government chooses to do or not to do; policymakers that the people elect

political institutions

system of politics in government

political idealogy

a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order

political socialization

gaining opinions through family, friends, school, or tv

political culture

a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that shapes their political behavior

political efficacy

belief of influence on the government

policy institutions

institutions that make public policy
I.E. Legislature

linkage institutions

institutions that connect the people to the policymakers
campaigns, elections, media, political parties, interest groups

political party

a group of voters organized to support certain public policies

demakratia

"rule by the people"
Athenian

written law

any law written in one spot

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments to the constitution

common law

law that is apt to change is up to interpretation

code of law

law based on tradition; set in stone

bicameralism

legislature with two parts

rule of law

the king needs to follow the same rules as everyone else

limited government

government with limits

state of nature

no government

natural rights

life, liberty, and property/pursuit of happiness

judicial review

justices have the power to deem a law constitutional or unconstitutional

popular sovereignty

power rests with the people

constitutional mechanism

takes one part of society and forces it up against another

iron law of oligarchy

ultimately, oligarchies will form because the group with power will keep getting smaller and smaller

federalism

mixed government

platonic myths

stories told to help knowledge form
the boy who cried wolf

mixed government

a constitution in which the form of government is a combination of democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy

classical republicanism

an early theory of democracy that holds that the best kind of government is one that promotes the "common good" and the welfare of an entire society

social contract

you give up something for something in return

Aristotle

This philosopher states that all forms of government are easily corrupted, and they take elements of each and put them together (mixed government), resulting in legislature, executive, and judicial branches.

Montesque

republics should be small and homogeneous

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who states that "people are lazy and corrupt."

John Locke

people are rational

David Hume

"People are emotional"

Magna Carta

attempt to limit the King

explicit entrance

Locke's right of passage entrance

implicit

Hobbes entrance where one is "born into it."

tacit entrance

Entrance in which an individual accepting rewards and consequences over time. (Entering a give and take relationship for lack of a better term.)

agency

Locke - contract where 'you can leave'

alien

Hobbes - contract where "you can't leave"

natural rights contract

individual over society
LOCKE
HOBBES

classical republican contract

society over individual

arete

opposite of idiotis
excellence

flexibility

constitution that founders wrote will work for generations to come

legitimacy

being able to do something with validity

solitary neglect

GB leaves us alone before written constitution was formed

right

protection from government

delegate

do what the people tell them to do

populism

drive to return to the people

acquitted

not guilty

due process of law

protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, and property

natural law

law that isn't man made and that must be followed (physics, religion)

(5 things to know about the) Declaration of Independence

1) declared independence
2) philosophical statement about legitimacy based on ideas of John Locke: natural rights, social contract theory, agency contract, and government by consent
3) natural rights- we have rights that aren't those of Englishmen
4) ends with alien contract, classical republican contract, declaration of war
5) tried to convince other colonists and peoples to join the fight for independence

natural born

either being born on American soil or having parents who are citizens

naturalization

US Citizenship that Immigration Services in Dep of Homeland Security investigates and appeals to judge for

en masse

groups are naturalized when US requires new territory

Liberalism

liberty and equality are the main values of?

Conservatism

keeping tradition; and disliking change are the main values of?