SCIENCE 8A 2ND QUIZ SMALL INTESTINES TO ACCESORY

Small Intestine

The part is a long, coiled organ where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. It consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

7m long and 2.5cm wide

The measurement of the small intestine

Duodenum

The first section of the small intestine, responsible for the majority of chemical digestion and the site where chyme mixes with bile and pancreatic juices; forms a C-shape

Jejenum and Ileum

The second and third sections of the small intestine, involved in nutrient absorption. This part primarily absorbs carbohydrates and proteins, while the other part continues absorption of nutrients and bile salts; greatly coiled which increases the surface area available

Absorption

proces in which nutrients from food are diffused into the body cells;

Villi

Tiny, finger-like projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

Microvilli

Microscopic projections on villi that further increase surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

Epithelium

The thin layer of cells that lines the surfaces of organs and structures, including the small intestine, playing a critical role in absorption and secretion; the body tissue that covers the surface

Capillary

smallest blood vessel that allows exhange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissue cells; and this absorbs the nutrients specifically carbohydrates and proteins

Lacteal

a lymphatic vessel in the small intestine that absorbs dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal lumen into the lymphatic system.

Diffusion

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, aiding in the transport of substances across cell membranes.

Osmosis

the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Assimilation

the process by which the body incorporates nutrients from digested food into its cells for growth and energy; nutrients become part of the body for growth and development

Large intestine

The final part of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forming feces

2m long and 7cm wide

The measurement of the large intestine

Cecum

The pouch-like beginning of the large intestine, where undigested food from the small intestine first enters. It is connected to the ileum and the appendix; where large and small intestine meet

Appendix

A small, tube-like structure attached to the cecum of the large intestine. Its function is not fully understood, but it is thought to play a role in gut flora management; a vestigial organ

Safe House Theory

A hypothesis suggesting that certain areas of the body, such as the appendix, may serve as reservoirs for beneficial bacteria during gastrointestinal disruptions.

Appendicitis

An inflammation of the appendix, often caused by infection. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and nausea, and it typically requires surgical removal.

Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid Colon

Regions of the large intestine; connects the rectum and the descending colon

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, leading to the anus. It stores feces until they are excreted; part between the colon and anal canal and temporarily stores stool

Anal Canal

The last segment of the gastrointestinal tract that connects the rectum to the outside of the body, allowing for the passage of feces.

Anus

The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces leave the body.

Excretion

The biological process of removing waste materials from the body, primarily through the urinary and digestive systems.

Egestion/Digestion

The process of eliminating undigested food from the body after it has been processed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Liver

A vital organ that processes nutrients from the digestive system, produces bile for digestion, and detoxifies harmful substances.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and helps in the emulsification of fats.

1 liter/day

The liver produces about this much of bile

Proteins and cholesterol

what does the liver store

Glucose

what does the liver release

Gallbladder

A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.

Pancreas

an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin.

Pancreatic fluids

are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine to aid in digestion.

Pancreatic Amylase

An enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates into sugars during digestion.

Lipase

An enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in the digestion of fats by breaking them down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Protease/Trypsin

An enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids during digestion.