Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Heredity

• Passing of traits from parent to offspring

Variation

• demonstrates differences among individuals.

Genetics

• study of heredity and variation

• how traits can be passed on the next generation and how variation arises

Reproduction

• organisms produce new individuals or offspring

• needed for survival to maintain the population after many generations

Asexual Reproduction

• One parent

• No sex cells

• Genetic makeup of the offspring i the same with the parent

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Binary fission

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• Organisms grows

• duplicates its genetic material

• divides into 2

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Budding

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• Organisms forms an outgrown bud

• Bud grows then breaks off

• the bud because a new individual

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Spore Formation

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• spores are released by the parent

• When the condition is favorable, it will grow into an new individual

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Regeneration

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• Body part is detached

• the detached part grows into a new individual / new part of the body

• Occurs when an organisms want to regrow a lost limb or any other part of the body.

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Fragmentation

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• Organisms that are fragmented results in each fragment growing into a new individual organisms.

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

Vegetive Propagation

(Asexual Reproduction ways)

• 6 different ways

(Vegetive Propagation)

Runner

(Vegetive Propagation)

• stolon

  • strawberry

(Vegetive Propagation)

Rhizome

(Vegetive Propagation)

• (underground stem)

  • ginger

(Vegetive Propagation)

Bulb

(Vegetive Propagation)

• underground stem with scales

  • Onion

(Vegetive Propagation)

Tuber

(Vegetive Propagation)

• Fleshy underground stems

  • potato

(Vegetive Propagation)

Sucker

(Vegetive Propagation)

• Side shoots

  • katakataka

Sexual Reproduction

• 2 parent

• sex cells (gametes): sperm and egg

• sperm and egg join = fermentation

• offspring look different from parent (variation)

Gamete Production

• sex cells are produced through meiosis

• each sex cells contain half of the genetic material.

Fertilization

• union of sperm and egg cells

• forms a single-celled zygote

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

Faster Reproduction

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

• Organisms can produce quickly and in large numbers.

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

No need for a mate

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

• beneficial for isolated organisms or stable environments

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

Genetic Stability

(Asexual Reproduction Advantages)

• Offspring are clones of the parent, ensuring successful traits are passed

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Lack of genetic diversity

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• offspring are identical, making them vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Reduced Adaptebility

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• without variation, a species may struggle to evolve and survive in new conditions

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Risk of over population

(Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• Rapid reproduction can lead to a competition for limited resources.

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Requires 2 parent

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• Finding a mate can be difficult, especially in isolated environments.

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Takes more time and energy

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• courtship, mating, and development of offspring require significant time and effort.

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

Fewer offsprings produced

(Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages)

• compared to asexual reproduction, the process is slower and results to fewer offspring.

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

Genetic Diversity

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

• Offspring has mixed traits form both parents, increasing adaptability and survival chances in changing environments.

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

Better Adaptation

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

• Beneficial traits can spread in a population, helping species to evolve over time

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

Disease Resistance

(Sexual Reproduction Advantages)

• genetic variation can reduce the impact of harmful mutations and diseases