Biology Chapter 2 - Organisation of the organism

Name two things plant cells have but animal cells don't

-cellulose cell wall
-chloroplasts

Name five things both plant and animal cells contain

-cell membrane
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-mitochondria
-ribosome

Describe vacuole in plant cells

-large
-permanent
-contains cell sap

Describe vacuole in animal cells

-small
-not permanent
-no cell sap

Descibe shape of a plant cell

permanent shape determined by cell wall
can be nearly spherical, box-like or cylindrical

Descibe shape of an animal cell

various shapes as there are no cell wall

How are new cells produced

division of existing cells

What do bacteria cells have that are also foud in plant or animal cells

-cell wall
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosome

What are unique about bacteria cells

-no nucleus
-plasmids
-loop of DNA

Cell membrane

-partially permeable
-keep contents of cell inside
-allow simple substances to enter and leave the cell
-control movement of other substances into and out of cell

Nucleus

-controls all activities in cell
-controls how cell develop

Cytoplasm

-place where many chemical reaction takes place

Chloroplast

-photosynthesis
-stores starch

cell wall

-stops cells from bursting when filled with water
-gives shape to cells
-fully permeable

vacuole (plants)

-stores ions and sugars
-full of water to maintain shape of cell

mitochondria

-release energy during aerobic respiration

ribosomes

-make proteins for the cell

ciliated cells

moves back and forth to move mucus which traps dusts and pathogens

root hair cells

long extensions (large surface area) to absorb water and ions

palisade mesophyll cells

many chloroplasts to photosynthesis

neurons

extension of cytoplasm to transmit electrical impluses

red blood cells

flattened discs shape for large surface area to transport oxygen

sperm and egg cells

contains genes of parent, together forms a zygote (reproduction)

cells

cells are the building blocks

define tissue

group of similar cells that work together to carry out a shared function

organ

group of different tissues that work together to perform specific functions

organ system

group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

organism

all different organ systems make up a living organism

how to calculate magnification?

image size/actual size

how much micrometre is in one milimetre

1000