Science chemistry

bro we fr gotta lock in 😂✌

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Solid

A state of matter where the particles are packed

closely together in a highly organized manner.

Liquid

A state of matter where the particles are still quite

close together but not as tightly packed together as

solids.

Gas

A state of matter where the particles are very far

apart and can move about freely.

Diffusion

The process by which a gas spreads itself around

its container.

Melting

The process by which a substance in the solid-state

changes to the liquid state.

Solidification

(or freezing)

The process by which a substance in the liquid

state changes to the solid state.

Condensation

The process by which a substance in the gaseous

state changes to liquid. Occurs by way of cooling

down a gas.

Sublimation

The process by which a substance in the solid state

changes directly into a gaseous state (skipping the

liquid state).

Melting point

The temperature at which a substance changes

from solid to liquid. Water has a *blank* of 0 degrees Celsius

Boiling point

The temperature at which a substance changes

from liquid to gas. Water has a *blank* of 100 degrees Celsius

Kinetic Theory

Particles are constantly moving around in random directions. These particles contain kinetic energy. This helps to explain the different properties seen in solids, liquids and gasses.

Physical Change

When a substance changes state (eg from a solid to a liquid). The substance still consists of the same particles but looks different.

Evaporation

As heat is added to the liquid the particles move faster until they have enough energy to escape from the surface of the liquid to form a gas.

Deposition

When substances turn straight from a gas to a solid. When the particles in the gas lose enough bonds between the particles are

strong enough that the particles go

straight into a fixed position.

Strength

can be thought of in two main ways - tensile strength and

compressional strength.

Tensile Strength

Substances with high *blank* strength, such as

An elastic band can be stretched without breaking.

Compressional Strength

Substances with

high *blank* strength, such as concrete, can withstand a large

amount of force without breaking.

Viscosity

is a measure of how easily particles can slide over one

another. It can also be described as the runniness or gooeyness of a

liquid. A substance like honey has a high *blank*, while water has a

low *blank*.

Hardness

a measure of how easily a substance can be scratched. It is not the

same as strength. For example, glass is a very hard substance, but it is

not very strong as it will shatter easily if a force is applied to it.

Substances that are hard often have higher melting points, as they

have strong forces (bonds) between their particles.