Learn: The Neuron (AP)

Contains the nucleus and important parts to keep the cell alive; doesn't really play a role in the communication process

Soma (cell body)

Soma (cell body) (image)

tail-like structure down which the electrical charge travels

Axon

Axon (image)

Glial cells that have wrapped around the axon and protected/insulated it

Myelin Sheath

Myelin Sheath (image)

branches at the end of the axon that contain the neurotransmitters

Axon Terminals

Axon Terminals (image)

chemical messengers that cross the synapse between neurons

Neurotransmitters

Sacs in the tips of the axon terminals that contain the neurotransmitters

Synaptic Vesicles

The gap between neurons

Synapse

Holes in the surface of a dendrite into which the neurotransmitters fit

Receptor Sites

A neuron fires or doesn't; It doesn't partially fire

All-or-None Principle

the threshold at which a neuron fires

-55 mv

charge of a neuron at resting potential

-70 mv

Neurotransmitters going back to the axon terminals that released them after the other neuron fires

Reuptake

ions that are outside the neuron when at resting potential and enter the neuron as it gets closer to firing

+NA

ions that are inside the neuron when at resting potential

-K

Glial Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System that for myelin sheath

Schwann Cells

Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System that form myelin sheath

Oligodendrocytes

Nourishing cells that wrap around the axon to form myelin sheath

Glial Cells

John Locke's idea that we are all born with a 'clean slate'

Tabula Rasa

The idea that we have a physical brain and a non-physical mind

Dualism

The idea that our mind is a product of our physical brain

Monism

The idea that the bumps on our brains determine our personalities and traits

Phrenology

Founder of Phrenology

Franz Joseph Gall

the idea that various brain regions have particular functions

Localization of Function

gaps in the myelin sheath that charge the action potential

Nodes of Ranvier

The idea that we learn everything from experience and aren't born with knowledge

Empiricism

Disease in which the immune system eats away at the myelin sheath

Multiple Sclerosis

Filtration

Physical separation technique best used to separate sand from a mixture of sand, salt, and water

Particle size and insolubility in water

Physical properties that allow filtration to separate sand from saltwater

Paper chromatography

Physical separation technique best used to separate plant pigments and dyes

Differences in solubility and rate of travel through the stationary phase

Physical property that allows paper chromatography to separate plant pigments and dyes

Magnetic separation

Physical separation technique best used to separate iron filings from sand

Magnetism

Physical property used when separating iron filings from sand with a magnet

Decanting

Physical separation technique best used to separate water from rice after it has been boiled

Differences in state and density, allowing the liquid to be poured off from the solid

Physical property that allows decanting to work when separating a liquid from a settled solid

Evaporation

Physical separation technique best used to separate salt from saltwater when only salt is needed

Difference in boiling points and volatility

Physical property that allows evaporation to separate salt from water

Simple distillation

Physical separation technique best used to separate and collect pure water from saltwater

Differences in boiling points

Physical property utilized during simple distillation

Density separation (using a separating funnel)

Physical separation technique best used to separate oil and water when they form distinct layers

Differences in density and immiscibility

Physical property used to separate oil and water in a separating funnel

Centrifugation

Physical separation technique that separates a mixture by rapidly spinning it

Differences in density

Physical property that allows a centrifuge to separate mixture components

Fractional crystallization

Physical separation technique used to separate dissolved solids that have different solubilities by forming crystals

Differences in solubility

Physical property utilized in fractional crystallization

Mechanical separation

Physical separation technique used for physically sorting large pieces of a mixture apart

Differences in size, shape, or visual appearance

Physical property used during mechanical separation

Fractional distillation

Separation technique best suited for separating two miscible liquids with close boiling points

Sublimation

Separation technique used to isolate a mixture component that transitions directly from solid to gas

Residue

The insoluble solid component that remains trapped on the filter paper during filtration

Filtrate

The liquid or solution that passes through the filter paper during filtration

Separating funnel

Laboratory glassware specifically designed to separate immiscible liquids of differing densities