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Population Distribution
The way in which people are spread across a given area.
Climate
The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.
Temperate Climates
Climates characterized by moderate temperatures, usually between the polar and tropical regions.
Human Migration
The movement of people from one place to another.
Population Density
A measurement of the number of people living per unit of area.
Arithmetic Density
The total population divided by the total land area.
Physiological Density
The number of people per unit area of arable land.
Arable Land
Land suitable for growing crops.
Agricultural Density
The number of farmers per unit area of farmland.
Subsistence Agricultural
Farming that provides enough food for the farmer and their family.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals an environment can support.
Dependency Ratio
The ratio of dependents (children and elderly) to the working-age population.
Demographics
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Crude Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children a woman will have during her lifetime.
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person can expect to live.
Population Pyramids
Graphs that show the distribution of various age groups in a population.
Rate of Natural Increase
The difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate.
Doubling Time
The period of time required for a population to double in size.
Urbanization
The process by which more of a population comes to live in urban areas.
Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people exceeds the resources available.
Thomas Malthus (Malthusian Theory)
The theory that population growth will outpace agricultural production leading to famine.
Neo-Malthusian
A theory that expands on Malthus's ideas, advocating for population control.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
A model that describes population change over time.
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
A model that explains the changing patterns of disease and health.
Antinatalist
A philosophy that opposes human procreation.
Pronatalist
A philosophy that encourages childbearing.
Land Degradation
The deterioration of the land's productive capacity.
Mobility
The ability to move or be moved freely and easily.
Emigration
The act of leaving one's resident country to live elsewhere.
Immigration
The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
Ravenstein Laws of Migration
A set of laws that describe patterns of migration.
Net Migration
The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants.
Gravity Model
A model used to predict the interaction between two places.
Push Factor
A condition that drives people to leave their home.
Pull Factor
A condition that attracts people to a new area.
Voluntary Migration
Migration based on a person's free will or decision.
Forced Migration
Involuntary movement of people, often due to conflict or disaster.
Internal Migration
Migration occurring within a country's borders.
Transnational Migration
When individuals maintain ties to more than one country.
Transhumance
The seasonal movement of livestock to different pastures.
Chain Migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
Ethnic Enclaves (neighborhoods)
Neighborhoods or areas with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group.
Step Migration
Migration that occurs in stages, often from rural to urban areas.
Intervening Obstacle
Any factor that hinders migration.
Guest Workers
Foreign workers who are permitted to live and work in a host country.
Refugees
People who flee their home country due to danger or persecution.
Asylum Seekers
Individuals seeking international protection from persecution.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
People forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders.
Human Trafficking
The illegal trade of humans for forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
Repatriate
To return a person to their country of origin.
Interregional Migration
Migration between different regions in a country.
Intraregional Migration
Migration within the same region.
Quotas
Limits set on immigration or the number of visas granted.
Remittances
Monetary transfers from migrants to their home country.
Brain Drain
The emigration of highly trained or educated individuals.
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of an idea or innovation through the movement of people.
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