Human Geo unit 2

Population Distribution

The way in which people are spread across a given area.

Climate

The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.

Temperate Climates

Climates characterized by moderate temperatures, usually between the polar and tropical regions.

Human Migration

The movement of people from one place to another.

Population Density

A measurement of the number of people living per unit of area.

Arithmetic Density

The total population divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Arable Land

Land suitable for growing crops.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit area of farmland.

Subsistence Agricultural

Farming that provides enough food for the farmer and their family.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents (children and elderly) to the working-age population.

Demographics

Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman will have during her lifetime.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

Population Pyramids

Graphs that show the distribution of various age groups in a population.

Rate of Natural Increase

The difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate.

Doubling Time

The period of time required for a population to double in size.

Urbanization

The process by which more of a population comes to live in urban areas.

Overpopulation

A situation in which the number of people exceeds the resources available.

Thomas Malthus (Malthusian Theory)

The theory that population growth will outpace agricultural production leading to famine.

Neo-Malthusian

A theory that expands on Malthus's ideas, advocating for population control.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that describes population change over time.

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A model that explains the changing patterns of disease and health.

Antinatalist

A philosophy that opposes human procreation.

Pronatalist

A philosophy that encourages childbearing.

Land Degradation

The deterioration of the land's productive capacity.

Mobility

The ability to move or be moved freely and easily.

Emigration

The act of leaving one's resident country to live elsewhere.

Immigration

The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Ravenstein Laws of Migration

A set of laws that describe patterns of migration.

Net Migration

The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants.

Gravity Model

A model used to predict the interaction between two places.

Push Factor

A condition that drives people to leave their home.

Pull Factor

A condition that attracts people to a new area.

Voluntary Migration

Migration based on a person's free will or decision.

Forced Migration

Involuntary movement of people, often due to conflict or disaster.

Internal Migration

Migration occurring within a country's borders.

Transnational Migration

When individuals maintain ties to more than one country.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock to different pastures.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Ethnic Enclaves (neighborhoods)

Neighborhoods or areas with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group.

Step Migration

Migration that occurs in stages, often from rural to urban areas.

Intervening Obstacle

Any factor that hinders migration.

Guest Workers

Foreign workers who are permitted to live and work in a host country.

Refugees

People who flee their home country due to danger or persecution.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals seeking international protection from persecution.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

People forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders.

Human Trafficking

The illegal trade of humans for forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.

Repatriate

To return a person to their country of origin.

Interregional Migration

Migration between different regions in a country.

Intraregional Migration

Migration within the same region.

Quotas

Limits set on immigration or the number of visas granted.

Remittances

Monetary transfers from migrants to their home country.

Brain Drain

The emigration of highly trained or educated individuals.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of an idea or innovation through the movement of people.