UNIT 2 PSYCH

Kaplan and Kaplan's Four Stages of Word Production

Crying, Cooing, Babbling, Speech

Verbal Communication

Involves speaking and oral expression

Non-Verbal Communication

Includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, space, touch, clothing, and eye contact

Stages of Written Language

Pictography, Ideaography, Phonology

Advantages of Pictography

Takes up less space, not language-specific, doesn't require reading ability

Disadvantages of Pictography

Open to interpretation, lacks detail, cannot convey abstract ideas

Influences on Facial Expressions

Cultural norms, control of expressions, post-expression behavior

Agents of Socialization

Family, friends, school, media

The 5 Big Personality Traits (OCEAN)

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Erikson's Stages of Development

Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industriousness vs. Conformity, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Productivity vs. Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO, Iceberg analogy

Carl Jung's Theory

Good vs. Evil, Man vs. Women, Collective Unconscious

Alfred Adler's Theory

Impact of childhood experiences, Overcoming feelings of inferiority

Karen Horney's Theory

Motivation from feelings of insecurity, Impact of childhood experiences

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

Components of an Emotion

Cognitive, Physical/Physiological, Behavioral

Factors shaping Emotions

Heredity, Learning, Maturity

James Lang's Theory of Emotions

Stimulus → Behavioral Response → Physiological Arousal → Perceived Arousal → Emotion

Categories of Mental Illness

Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Schizophrenic Disorders, Personality Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders