Bio lab test 3

What part of the plant is cabbage?

terminal bud

What part of the plant is the brussel sprout?

axillary bud

What part of the plant is broccoli?

flower/flower bud

What part of the plant is an onion?

leaf

What part of the plant is celery?

petiole

What part of the plant is carrot?

storage root

What part of the plant is potato?

modified stem

What part of the plant is a sweet potato?

storage root

What part of the plant is a peanut?

fruit

What part of the plant are peas in a pod?

fruit

indeterminate growth

when a plant grows continuously throughout its life due to the activity of meristems

What is the name of the part of the root that the top arrow is pointing to?

root apical meristem

What is the name of the part of the root that the bottom arrow is pointing to?

root cap

What is the purpose of the root stem?

to increase surface area (helps with water intake)

meristem

area of cell division

apical meristem

primary (upward/downward) growth

axillary/lateral meristem

secondary (outward) growth

what are the top arrows pointing to?

apical meristem

what are the bottom arrows pointing to?

axillary/lateral bud meristems

what are the 3 basic tissue systems?

dermal, ground, vascular

leaves

site of photosynthesis'; plants move sugar from leaves to other parts of the plant

stems

vascular tissue (xylem/phloem) for transport and support

roots

site for absorption of water and minerals

parenchyma

living cells with thin cell walls that function in storage and metabolism (word means beside or alongside)

collenchyma

living cells with thicker cell walls that provide support to herbaceous (green) stems (kolla means glue)

Are these parenchyma or collenchyma cells?

parenchyma

Are these parenchyma or collenchyma cells?

collenchyma

leucoplast

type of plastid for storage of starch

what do vascular bundles consist of?

xylem and phloem

What does xylem transport?

water and minerals

What does phloem transport?

sugars

What structures are dead at maturity?

xylem and sclerenchyma

list the characteristics of a monocot

single cotyledon, parallel venation, multiples of 3, scattered vascular tissue

List the characteristics of a dicot

2 cotyledons, network of veins, flowers in multiples of 4-5, concentric vascular tissue

cotyledon

energy source for germination of seed

endodermis

controls movement of water and minerals in the vascular cylinder

which arrow is pointing to the xylem?

arrow 3

Which arrow is pointing to the phloem?

arrow 4

Which arrow is pointing to the pericycle?

arrow 2

pith

innermost tissue composed of parenchyma cells

What is the top segment of the tilia cross section?

cortex

What is the second segment of the tilia cross section?

secondary phloem

What is the third segment of the tilia cross section?

vascular cambium

What is the fourth segment of the tilia cross section?

secondary xylem

Are fungi autotrophs or heterotrophs?

heterotrophs

How do fungi break down molecules?

by using enzymes

What 3 ecological lifestyles do fungi occupy?

decomposers, parasitic fungi, mutualistic symbionts

decomposers

break down and absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material (saprotrophs)

parasitic fungi

absorb nutrients from living hosts, fungus benefits, host is harmed

mutualistic symbiont

absorb nutrients from hosts and reciprocate with actions that benefit the host

What are fungal cells called?

hyphae

What is a mass of hyphae called?

mycelium

What type of cell walls do have and what are they made of?

tubular, chitin

Which structures dominate fungus life cycle?

haploid

How are fungal gametes formed?

mitosis and differentiation of haploid cells

plasmogamy

union of cytoplasm from two parent mycelia

heterokaryon

cell with two separate haploid nuclei

In zygomycetes, do sporangia produce haploid or diploid spores, and are they asexual or sexual?

haploid, asexual

karyogamy

when two haploid nuclei fuse to form a single diploid nucleus

Is this a photo of sporangia or zygosporangia?

sporangia

Is this a photo of sporangia or zygosporangia?

zygosporangia

Where can Ascomycetes be found?

marine, freshwater, and terrrestrial habitats

Do ascomycetes produce asexual or sexual spores?

sexual

Where are spores produced in ascomycota?

asci

Do cells in the ascus go through mitosis or meiosis?

meiosis which leads to 8 ascospores

How does ascomycota reproduce?

via asexual spores called conidia

How are conidia produced?

at the tips of specialized hyphae called conidiophores

What are some examples of basidiomycetes?

mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

How are basidiomycetes described?

clublike basidium with transient diploid stage

Do the mycelium in basidiocarps reproduce sexually or asexually?

sexually

What is the top right arrow pointing to?

leaf primordia

What is the blue arrow pointing at?

collenchyma

What is the purple arrow pointing at?

vascular bundle

What is the black arrow pointing at?

parenchyma

sclerenchyma

very thick cell walls that are either sclerid shaped or fiber shaped

What is the site of photosynthesis?

leaves

What are the top arrows pointing at?

guard cells

What is the middle arrow pointing at?

stomatal pore

What is the bottom arrow pointing at?

epidermal cell

WHat is the function of a guard cell?

to regulate the opening and closing of the stomata

Is this a monocot or a dicot?

dicot

leaf cross section

Is this a monocot or dicot stem? Why?

dicot because the vascular bundles are lined around the outside

Is this a monocot or dicot stem? Why?

monocot because the vascular bundles are spread throughout

Top arrow

sclerenchyma

middle arrow

phloem

bottom arrow

xylem

main meristem in the stem

vascular cambium

What cell division process produces spores during asexual reproduction?

mitosis

Is xylem on the inside or outside of the stem?

inside

Is phloem toward the inside or outside of the stem?

outside

plasmogamy

union of cytoplasm from two parent mycelia

heterokaryon

cell with two separate haploid nuclei

Site of karygoamy and meiosis

zygosporangia

ectomycorrhizal

sheaths of hyphae formed over root and grow into extracellular spaces

endomycorrhizal

grow into extracellular spaces

What are the possible photosynthetic components of lichens?

green algae or cyanobacteria

What is the fungal component of lichens?

ascomycete

What are the 3 types of lichen?

fruticose (shrublike), foliose (leaflike), crustose (encrusting)

What type of lichen is this?

fruticose