Studied by 8 people
albert bandura
Known for observational learning & conducting the Bobo doll experiment
alfred binet
Measured the mental age of school-age children
paul broca
Identified Broca's area, the area of the brain that controls speech
mary whiton calkins
First female graduate student in psychology
noam chomsky
Language acquisition is at least partly innate & automatic
charles darwin
came up w/ theory of evolution & natural selection
dorothea dix
Advocated for the rights of the mentally ill; founded the 1st public mental hospital in the US
hermann ebbinghaus
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve displays that the course of forgetting is initially rapid, then levels off w/ time
gustav fechner
Coined the term "absolute threshold", aka the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimuli 50% of the time
sigmund freud
Developed the psychoanalytic theory which drew distinctions between the conscious & unconscious mind
phineas gage
A railroad worker who had a rod go through his head due to an accident; he survived, but his personality changed due to damage in his frontal lobe
sir francis galton
Measured human traits, conducted assessments of intelligence, also associated w/ eugenics
john garcia
Known for his research on taste aversion learning
howard gardner
Established the idea of multiple intelligence: verbal, mathematical, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, environmental, interpersonal, intrapersonal
michael gazzaniga
His work w/ split-brain patients showed that over time, some of them could develop language abilities in the normal "silent" hemisphere due to brain plasticity
g stanley hall
1st president of the American Psychology Association (APA)
william james
Opposed the structuralist approach to psychology, argued for functionalism, which states that what's important is the function of the mind
john locke
Father of empiricism, aka the acquisition of truth through observations & experiences ("tabula rasa" aka blank slate)
elizabeth loftus
Studied memory & the misinformation effect, which occurs when misleading information has distorted one's memory of an event
george miller
Our short-term memory can hold 7 +/- 2 pieces of information at a time (between 5-9)
ivan pavlov
Classically conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a bell ring
jean piaget
Known for his stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
robert rescorla
His contingency theory stated that associative learning occurs best when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus occur at the same time.
carl rogers
The humanistic theory emphasized an individual's personal values & potential
bf skinner
Operant conditioning w/ Skinner box; est. schedules of reinforcement
charles spearman
Believed that there was a general intelligence (g) that underlies more specific aspects of intelligence
roger sperry
Demonstrated that the two hemispheres of the brain can operate independently of each other; conducted split-brain experiments
robert sternberg
His triarchic theory of intelligence states that there are 3 intelligences: analytical, creative, & practical
lewis terman
Modified Binet's testing to create the Stanford-Binet intelligence test
edward thorndike
Proposed the law of effect, which states that a behavior is more likely to recur if reinforced
edward tolman
Conducted experiments w/ rat mazes; cognitive maps & latent learning
margaret floy washburn
First female PhD in psychology & served as the 2nd female president of the APA
john watson
Behaviorist; applied classical conditioning to humans in the Little Albert experiment
ernst weber
Established Weber's law, which stated that the greater the magnitude of the stimulus, the larger the difference must be to be noticed
david wechsler
Came up w/ the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, which measured one's intellectual ability
carl wernicke
Discovered Wernicke's area, the area of the brain that comprehends speech
benjamin whorf
Proposed a theory of linguistic relativity, which stated that speakers of different languages develop different cognitive system b/c of their differences in language
wilhelm wundt
Father of modern psychology; introspection
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