reactions

lithium reaction with water

bubbles slowly, floats, moves slowly

lithium reaction with oxygen

burns with a strongly red tinged flame and produces a white solid

lithium reaction with chlorine

white powder is produced and settles on the sides of the container

sodium reaction with water

rapid fizzing, sodium moves around the surface, melts in a ball and quickly disappears

sodium reaction with oxygen

strong orange flame and produces white solid

sodium reaction with chlorine

burns with a bright yellow flame, clouds of white powder are produced and settle on the sides of the container

potassium reaction with water

floats, melts into a ball, bubbles very quickly, moves very quickly, lilac flame

potassium reaction with oxygen

large pieces produce lilac flame, smaller ones make white solid immediately

potassium reaction with chlorine

more vigorous reaction

rubidium reaction with water

sinks, melts into a ball, explodes with a flame

rubidium reaction with oxygen

violet red flame, produces white solid d

rubidium reaction with chlorine

even more vigorous reaction

what is the state and appearance of fluorine at room temperature?

yellow gas

what is the state and appearance of chlorine at room temperature?

pale yellow-green gas

what is the state and appearance of bromine at room temperature?

red-brown liquid

what is the state and appearance of iodine at room temperature?

grey solid

characteristics of fluorine

very reactive, poisonous gas

characteristics of chlorine

reactive, poisonous and dense gas

colour of chlorine in solution

pale green

characteristics of bromine

dense red-brown volatile liquid

colour of bromine in solution

orange

characteristics of iodine

shimmery, crystalline solid, sublimed to form purple vapour

colour of iodine in solution

dark brown

uses of transition metals (other than catalysts)

• medicine : such as limb and joint replacements

• industrial usage : such as dyes and paints, jewellery

group 1 vs transition metals

• group 1 metals are soft, transition metals are hard and strong

• group 1 metals have a low mp, transition metals have a high mp

• group 1 metals have a lower density, transition metals have a higher density

• group 1 metals are more reactive than transition metals

• group 1 metals reactions with water and oxygen are more vigorous than reactions of transition metals

• group 1 metals form white solids, transition metals form coloured compounds

• group 1 metals has one oxidation state, transition metals has variable oxidation states etc Fe2+ Fe3+

• only transition metals can be used as catalyst