Pedia 2 Module 6A: Client with alterations in integumentary system

Scabies

Scabies

• also known as the “seven-year itch

• is a contagious endemic skin infestation caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei

• it can be passed in through prolonged close body or sexual contact, or indirectly via fomites, factors like overcrowding, delayed treatment of primary cases, and public awareness, from infected clothing, bedding or towels

• Symptoms:

  • Lesion

  • Intense Itching

  • Superficial burrows

  • rash

• Management:

  • antihistamine

  • permethrin

  • ivermectin

Impetigo Contagiosa

• highly contagious skin condition. appears on the face, neck, and hands of young children and infants. Children who wear diapers also tend to get it around the diaper are

• Occurs more rarely in adults, usually following another skin condition or infection.

• Causative agent:

  • Streptococcus pyogenes

  • Staphylococcus aureus

• causes:

  • skin-to-skin contact

  • injury to the skin

  • insect bites

• transmission

  • spread by direct contact with lesions

  • fomites - incubation is 1-3 days

• management:

  • Antibiotic ointment (Mupirocin) or Antibiotic pill or liquid

  • gently wash the areas of infected skin

  • cover infected areas of skin with gauze

  • fingernails short and clean

Bullous Impetigo

• skin read and itchy but not sore/ painful

• causative agent:

  • S. Aureus

• primarily affects infants and children younger than 2 years

Ecthyma

• a more serious form of impetigo

• blisters tend to be painful and may turn into ulcers. presence of swollen lymph nodes

• penetrates into the dermis; painful blisters - ulcers

Nonbullous impetigo

• most common type of impetigo

• causative agent:

  • S. aureus

  • S. Pyogenes

• rashes may be itchy but not painful; with swollen lymph nodes

• symptoms

  • pruritis

  • nits observable on hair shaft

  • small red bumps or sores on scalp, neck shoulder

• management:

  • louse comb

  • permethrin 1% cremerinse

  • melathion

  • crotamiton

  • benzyl benzoate

  • lindane shampoo

  • ivermectin pills

Pediculosis

• head lice, is an infestation of the scalp by lice-blood feeding ectoparasitic insects

  • common in school-aged children, common in females.

• common areas involved are the occipital area, behind the ears and the nape, eyebrows, and eye lashes

• transmission:

  • direct head-to-head contact

Pediculosis capitis

• head-lice infestation frequent in children aged 3 - 10

• more frequently in females, African descent rarely suffer

• direct head to head contact

• lice cannot burrow into the skin

• causative agent:

  • pediculus humanus capitis

Pediculosis Corporis

• this condition is caused by body louse, a louse which infests humans and is adapted to lay eggs in clothing, rather than at the base of hairs

Pediculosis Pubis

• the crab louse (Pthirus pubis) is a parasitic insect which spends its entire life on human hair and feeds exclusively on blood

• usually found in pubic hair but can live an underarm hair, body hair, beards, and eyebrows or eyelashes

  • close genital contact with an infested partner

  • contaminated clothing, towels, or beddings