5) Simple Molecular Substances:

What type of bonds hold atoms together in simple molecular substances?

Covalent bonds hold the atoms together within the molecules

What do the molecules in chlorine (Cl₂) share to form a covalent bond?

Chlorine molecules share a pair of electrons to form a single covalent bond.

How many pairs of electrons are shared in an oxygen (O₂) molecule?

Two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons, forming a double covalent bond.

What kind of bond is formed in nitrogen (N₂)?

Nitrogen atoms form a triple covalent bond by sharing three pairs of electrons.

Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

They have weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, which are easily broken, resulting in low melting and boiling points.

What happens to intermolecular forces as molecules get bigger?

The strength of the intermolecular forces increases, so more energy is needed to break them, leading to higher melting and boiling points.

Are simple molecular substances typically solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature?

Most simple molecular substances are gases or liquids at room temperature.

Can simple molecular substances conduct electricity?

No, because they do not have free electrons or ions to carry an electric charge.

How many covalent bonds does carbon form in methane (CH₄)?

arbon forms four covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms in methane.

What is the key difference between the forces holding atoms together and the forces between molecules in simple molecular substances?

Atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds, while weak intermolecular forces exist between the molecules.