Section 1

Creator of the snow shovel ‘In Advance of a Broken Arm’

Marcel Duchamp

Readymades (definition and creator of term)

everyday objects which are art

ex) In Advance of a Broken Arm'

Creator: Marcel Duchamp

Earthworks (definition + 2 examples)

environmental art that uses the Earth as a canvas

• Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson

• Double Negative by Michael Heizer

Site specificity

the quality of artwork being created for a specific location and remaining there

What is contemporary eco art

art that combines visual art and the environment to address issues with climate and ecology

Formal Analysis

A type of art history analysis that focuses on the visual qualities of a piece

Contextual Analysis

A type of art history analysis that focuses on the environment/ context in which artwork is produced

From what period are the Chauvet cave paintings, which materials were used to create them, and where are they located?

Period: Old Stone Age (paleolithic)

Materials: Red ochre and black Charcoal

Location: France

Venus (woman) of Willendorf (description + period)

famous sculpture of a woman with exaggerated female features from the Old Stone Age (paleolithic)

Rock Shelter Paintings

Art of the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic period) which portrayed humans

From what period is the Stonehenge

New Stone Age (Neolithic)

What kind of stones were used to build the Stonehenge

Sarsen stones and bluestones

What is the purpose of the heel stone in Stonehenge AND the name of the crosspieces?

Heel stone Purpose: marks the sunrise during the midsummer solstice

Crosspieces are called LINTELS

Ziggurats

Stepped pyramid temples built by Mesopotamia

Code of Hammurabi

The oldest legal code engraved on a stone stele; inspired by sun god Shamash

During what Mesopotamian period were hanging gardens built

Neo-Babylonian

What is the name of the gateway that leads to the temple of Bel within Mesopotamia?

Ishtar Gate

What major architectural feat did Persia achieve?

The Palace at Persispolis

Hierarchical Scale (definition + associated piece)

Art style used by Egyptians in which the status of figures determined their size within an artwork

piece: palette of King Narmer

Fractional Representation

Egyptian Technique used to present each part of the body as clearly as possible

Why is Tutankhamun’s tomb famous?

It is the most well-preserved tomb to be discovered

Cycladic Culture (location + 3 artwork types)

Location: Cyclades

Artwork Types:
1) Geometric nude female figures
2) pottery
3) marble vessels

Minoan Culture (location + the 5 artwork types)

Location: Knossos

Artwork Types:
1) Snake goddess statues
2) Sea-Life art
3) pottery
4) natural pictorial style
5) frescoes

From what culture does the legend of the Minotaur originate from?

Minoan Culture

Mycenean Culture (location + 2 artwork types)

Location: Mycenae

Artwork Types:
1) Goldsmithing
2) Relief Sculptures

During the Archaic Period, Greeks built Temples using what 2 types of column styles

Doric and Ionic styles

Greek Corinthian style vases

vases with figures on a flower background

Greek Athenian vases

vases with black figures

Greek Red-figure vases

vases with red figures on black backgrounds

What is Contrapposto, and in which period was the pose developed?

Greek pose where a person stands with most of its weight on one foot to give off a more relaxed appearance

Early Classical Period

During what period was the Greek Parthenon temple restored?

During the Middle Classical Period

What are the 2 Greek pieces present ideals of beauty, and from what historical period are they from?

Venus de Milo

Laocoön Group

Hellenistic Period

What is Etruscan Art known for

tomb decoration

What 2 historic roman buildings can still be seen today

Colosseum

Pantheon

Type of art Byzantines are known for

Christian mosaics

Hiberno Saxon

hybrid style resulting from Viking + Anglo-Saxon England + Celtic Ireland styles

What are vaults, barrel vaults, and ribbed vaults? What kind of architecture is associated with each?

Vaults: A type of arch used as ceiling support

Barrel Vault: a tunnel of arches
-Romanesque
Ribbed Vaults: series of stone arches
-Gothic

What are flying buttresses?

exterior arches that provide additional support to interior vaults

Architectural style of Chartres Cathedral, and where is it located?

gothic; France

Gates of Paradise (designer + what does it portray)

Lorenzo Ghiberti

door panel that portrays the death of isaac

Who invented linear (single vanishing point) perspective

Filippo Brunelleschi

Who is the founder of modern sculpture

Donatello

Who made the first nude female painting and what was its name?

Botticelli’s Birth of Venus

sfumato

technique invented by Leonardo da Vinci that uses mellowed colors and blurred outline

What are the 4 works Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to make

Moses,

The Dying Slave,

The Bound Slave,

Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo's David & Donatello’s David is sculpted in what material

Michaelangelo: Marble

Donatello: Bronze

Johann Joachim Winckelmann focused on the relationship between

art style and historical context

Who painted The School of Athens, and who does it pay tribute?

Raphael painted it to pay tribute to Greek philosophers & scientists

Which one of Raphael’s work depicts an image of the Virgin Mary

Sistine Madonna

Who painted The Tempest and how did it transform art at the time?

Painter: Giorgione

Made landscape the subject of the painting

Who is the greatest colorist of the Renaissance

Titian Vecelli

Mannerism (definition + inventor of the technique)

technique that uses distortion, acidic colors, and twister positions for subjects

Inventor: Tintoretto

Chiaroscuro (definition + inventor of the technique)

technique that uses dark and light contrasts to emphasize the emotional impact

inventor: Tintoretto

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation

The catholic church launched a Counter-Reformation

Most famous counter-reformation artist, and which artist most influenced him?

El Greco (Dominikos Theotokopoulos), influenced by Tintoretto

What book did Pliny the Elder write?

Natural History

Renaissance author and artist, _____ ____ compiled the biographies of Italian artists into his book: ______

Author: Giorgio Vasari

The Lives of the Artists

In which war was Athens defeated, and during what historical period?

Peloponnesian War; Late Classical Period

During the Hellenistic period of Greece, which two styles combined to produce new art?

Greek Styles and Asia Minor Styles

Etruscan civilization arose in present day ____

Italy

Why did Romans create relief sculptures?

For funerary purposes

What are the 2 illuminated manuscript examples mentioned in the USAD guide?

Book of Kells

Coronation Gospels

Metalwork was popular among _____ while wood was most popular among _____ during the ____ ____ period

Germany: metalwork

Vikings: wood

Period: Early Medieval

What kind of architectural style is Saint-Sernin

Romanesque

What type of art and technique is Giotto di Bondone known for?

Art: Frescoes

Technique: Simple Perspective

Massacio used which 2 techniques in his frescoes

Linear point perspective + Aerial perspective

What was the first free-standing nude sculpture

Donatello’s Bronze David Statue

Who are the “Renaissance Men”

Da Vinci + Michelangelo

How many of Matthias Grunewald’s artworks have survived, and what are they known for?

10

known for religious scenes

Who painted Isenheim Altarpeice and what does it depict?

Matthias Grunewald

Christ’s Crucifixion

Who painted The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Albrecht Durer

Who was King Henry VIII court painter?

Hans the Younger

What is Caravaggesque, and who invented the technique?

Extreme use of light and dark

Creator: Caravaggio

Who painted the Virgin Mary as impoverished, as opposed to in the classical noble style?

Caravaggio

Who sculpted Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and where is it located

Sculptor: Gianlorenzo Bernini
Location: Cornaro Chapel

How did Rembrandt va Rijn’s Nightwatch break tradition?

His group paintings would give more attention to some company members than others

Orangerie

greenhouse for Louis XIV’s orange trees

what is the Salon system under Louis XIV

a system for choosing + supporting artists

What was Diego Velazquez’s unique method for painting?

Used color before outlining his art

What did Rococo Style emphasize

romance & decorations with gold and pastel colors

Who created the painting genre Fete galante and what is it?

Creator: Jean-Antoine Watteau

Genre: portrays nobility members in elegant clothing enjoying leisure time in the country side

Neoclassicism in art was connected to the politics of

democracy (french revolution)

Neoclassicism was a direct challenge to which art style

Rococo Style + aristocracy

Who painted Oath of the Horatii and from what art period is it?

Painter: Jacques Louis David

Period: Neoclassical

Romanticism favored ____ over ____

feeling over reason

What is Realism?

An art movement that illustrated all of a subject’s features, and showed the lives of ordinary people

Who painted The Stonebreakers, and what art period is it from?

Painter: Gustavo Courbet
Period: Realism

Who is the FIRST impressionist

Edouard Manet

Who painted Luncheon on the Grass?

Edouard Manet

Where does the impressionist movement get its name from?

Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise

Giotto di Bondone is associated with the transition from (pg 17)

Gothic to Renaissance

Who was the first influencer of cubism, arguing that paintings can be simple geometric shapes?

Paul Cezanne

Optical Mixing (definition + art period + inventor)

Definition: Dots of colors appear to blend

Period: Post-Impressionism

Inventor: Georges Seurat

Who were the Pre-Raphaelites and what did they accomplish

Definition: a group of English artists who wanted to return to pre-renaissance art due to the effects of the Industrial Revolution

Accomplishments: Created Art Nouveau, art style with flowing flowery lines

Henri Matisse was associated with a movement of artists called ____ and why?

fauves (wild beasts) because of their wild use of arbitrary colors

Who developed Cubism as a new art style

Picasso and Braque

What was the Expressionism art movement about?

An attempt to make the inner working of the mind visible on a canvas

2 expressionist groups mentioned in the USAD guide

Die Brucke & Der Blaue Reiter

What are De Stijl canvases?

canvases with flat fields of primary colors