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Creator of the snow shovel ‘In Advance of a Broken Arm’
Marcel Duchamp
Readymades (definition and creator of term)
everyday objects which are art
ex) In Advance of a Broken Arm'
Creator: Marcel Duchamp
Earthworks (definition + 2 examples)
environmental art
Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson
Double Negative by Michael Heizer
Site specificity
the quality of artwork being created specifically for an remaining inn a particular location
contemporary eco art
art that combines visual art and the environment to address issues with climate and ecology
Formal Analysis
A type of art history analysis that focuses on the visual qualities of a piece
Contextual Analysis
A type of art history analysis that focuses on the environment/ context in which artwork is produced
From what period are the Chauvet cave paintings, which materials were used to create them, and where are they located?
Period: Old Stone Age (paleolithic)
Materials: Red ochre and black Charcoal
Location: France
Venus (woman) of Willendorf (description + period)
famous sculpture of a woman with exaggerated female features from the Old Stone Age (paleolithic)
Rock Shelter Paintings
Art of the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic period) which portrayed humans
From what period is the Stonehenge
New Stone Age (Neolithic)
What kind of stones were used to build the Stonehenge
Sarsen stones and bluestones
What is the purpose of the heel stone in Stonehenge AND the name of the crosspieces?
Heel stone Purpose: marks the sunrise during the midsummer solstice
Crosspieces are called LINTELS
Ziggurats
Stepped pyramid temples built by Mesopotamia
Code of Hammurabi
The oldest legal code engraved on a stone stele; inspired by sun god Shamash
During what Mesopotamian period were hanging gardens built
Neo-Babylonian
What is the name of the gateway that leads to the temple of Bel within Mesopotamia?
Ishtar Gate
Persepolis
Persian palace made out of stone, brick, wood
Hierarchical Scale (definition + associated piece)
Art style used by Egyptians in which the status of figures determined their size within an artwork
piece: palette of King Narmer
Fractional Representation
Egyptian Technique used to present each part of the body as clearly as possible
Why is Tutankhamun’s tomb famous?
It is the most well-preserved tomb to be discovered
Cycladic Culture (location + 2 artwork types)
Location: Cyclades (group of islands in greece)
Art: Geometric nude female figures + pottery
Minoan Culture (location + the 2 artwork types)
Location: Knossos
Artwork Forms: Frescoes + Pottery
From what culture does the legend of the Minotaur originate from?
Minoan Culture
Mycenean Culture (location + 2 artwork types)
Location: Mycenae
Art: Goldsmithing + Relief Sculptures
During the Archaic Period, Greeks built Temples using what 2 types of column styles
Doric and Ionic styles
Greek Corinthian style vases
vases with figures on a floral background
Greek Athenian vases
vases with black figures
Greek Red-figure vases
vases with red figures on black backgrounds
Contrapposto
Greek pose where a human figure stands with most of its weight on one foot to give off a more relaxed appearance
During what period was the Greek Parthenon temple restored?
During the Middle Classical Period
What are the 2 pieces from the Hellenistic Period of Greece that presented ideals of beauty
Venus de Milo
Laocoön Group
What is Etruscan Art known for
tomb decoration
What 2 historic roman buildings can still be seen today
Colosseum
Pantheon
Type of art Byzantines are known for
Christian mosaics (pieces of tiles or glass combined to make murals)
Hiberno Saxon
hybrid style resulting from viking + anglo saxon interactions
barrel vaults + ribbed vaults+ vaults (definitions and associated style)
Barrel vaults: a tunnel formed by arches ROMANESQUE CHURCHES
Ribbed Vaults: series of thin stone arches GOTHIC CHURHCES
Vaults: arch used as roof support
flying buttresses
exterior arches that provide additional support to interior vaults
Architectural style of Chartres Cathedral
gothic
Gates of Paradise (designer + what does it portray)
Lorenzo Ghiberti
door panel that portrays the death of isaac
Who invented linear (single vanishing point) perspective
Filippo Brunelleschi
Who is the founder of modern sculpture
Donatello
Who made the first nude female painting and what was its name?
Botticelli’s Birth of Venus
sfumato
technique invented by Leonardo da Vinci that uses mellowed colors and blurred outline
What are the 4 works Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to make
Moses,
The Dying Slave,
The Bound Slave,
Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo's David & Donatello’s David is sculpted in what material
Michaelangelo: Marble
Donatello: Bronze
Johann Joachim Winckelmann focused on the relationship between
artistic styles and historical contexts
To whom does Raphael's The School of Athens pay tribute?
Greek philosophers + scientists
Which one of Raphael’s work depicts an image of the Virgin Mary
Sistine Madonna
Who painted The Tempest and how did it transform art at the time?
Painter: Giorgione
Made landscape the subject of the painting
Who is the greatest colorist of the Renaissance
Titian Vecelli
Mannerism (definition + inventor of the technique)
technique that uses distortion, acidic colors, and twister positions for subjects
Inventor: Tintoretto
Chiaroscuro (definition + inventor of the technique)
technique that uses dark and light contrasts to emphasize the emotional impact
inventor: Tintoretto
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation
The catholic church launched a Counter-Reformation
Most famous counter-reformation artist
El Greco (Dominikos Theotokopoulos), influenced by Tintoretto
What book did Pliny the Elder write?
Natural History
Renaissance author and artist, _____ ____ compiled the biographies of Italian artists into his book: ______
Author: Giorgio Vasari
The Lives of the Artists
During the Late Classical Period, Athens was defeated. In which war was it?
Peloponnesian War
During the Hellenistic period of Greece, which two styles combined to produce new art?
Greek Styles and Asia Minor Styles
Etruscan civilization arose in present day ____
Italy
Why did Romans create relief sculptures?
For funerary purposes
What are the 2 illuminated manuscript examples mentioned in the USAD guide?
Book of Kells
Coronation Gospels
Metalwork was popular among _____ while wood was most popular among _____ during the ____ ____ period
Germany: metalwork
Vikings: wood
Period: Early Medieval
What kind of architectural style is Saint-Sernin
Romanesque
What type of art and technique is Giotto di Bondone known for?
Art: Frescoes
Technique: Simple Perspective
Massacio used which 2 techniques in his frescoes
Linear point perspective + Aerial perspective
What was the first free-standing nude sculpture
Donatello’s Bronze David Statue
Who are the “Renaissance Men”
Da Vinci + Michelangelo
How many of Matthias Grunewald’s artworks have survived, and what are they known for?
10
known for religious scenes
Who painted Isenheim Altarpeice and what does it depict?
Matthias Grunewald
Christ’s Crucifixion
Who painted The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Albrecht Durer
Who was King Henry VIII court painter?
Hans the Younger
Caravaggesque
Extreme use of light and dark
Creator: Caravaggio
Who painted the Virgin Mary as impoverished, as opposed to in the classical noble style?
Caravaggio
Who sculpted Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and where is it located
Sculptor: Gianlorenzo Bernini
Location: Cornaro Chapel
How did Rembrandt va Rijn’s Nightwatch break tradition?
His group paintings would give more attention to some company members than others
Orangerie
greenhouse for Louis XIV’s orange trees
what is the Salon system under Louis XIV
a system for choosing + supporting artists
What was Diego Velazquez’s unique method for painting?
Painted figures from patches of color rather than starting from a drawing
What did Rococo Style emphasize
romance & decorations with gold and pastel colors
Who created the painting genre Fete galante and what is it?
Creator: Jean-Antoine Watteau
Genre: portrays nobility members in elegant clothing enjoying leisure time in the country side
Neoclassicism in art was connected to the politics of
democracy (french revolution)
Neoclassicism was a direct challenge to which art style
Rococo Style + aristocracy
Who painted Oath of the Horatii and from what art period is it?
Painter: Jacques Louis David
Period: Neoclassical
Romanticism favored ____ over ____
feeling over reason
Reallism
paintings should capture all the features of a subject + show the lives of ordinary people be equally important as historical ones
How did Gustavo Courbet's realist painting, The Stonebreakers, challenge contemporary art
painted ordinary laborers repairing a road
Who is the FIRST impressionist
Edouard Manet
Who painted Luncheon on the Grass?
Edouard Manet
Where does the impressionist movement get its name from?
Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise
Giotto di Bondone is associated with the transition from (pg 17)
Gothic to Renaissance
Which artist argued that paintings can be structured in planes and objects within the painting can all be reduced to their simples geometric forms?
Paul Cezanne: the first cubism influencer
Optical Mixing (definition/art period + inventor)
Post-Impressionism technique where small dots of complementary colors appear to blend
inventor: Georges Seurat
Who were the Pre-Raphaelites and what did they accomplish
Definition: a group of English artists who wanted to return to pre-renaissance art due to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
Accomplishments: Created Art Nouveau, art style with flowing flowery lines
Henri Matisse was associated with a movement of artists called ____ and why?
fauves (wild beasts) because of their wild use of arbitrary colors
Who developed Cubism as a new art style
Picasso and Braque
Expressionism
an attempt to make the mind a visible element in art
2 expressionist groups mentioned in the USAD guide
Die Brucke & Der Blaue Reiter
What are De Stijl canvases?
canvases with flat fields of primary colors
Note
Flashcard