Chapter 2 Practice Questions (Human Anatomy Lecture)

If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ________.

direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Using the image above, what is the anatomical term for the Label H?

Cholesterol

How do peripheral proteins contribute to the structure of the plasma membrane?

They are attached to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

Because the plasma membrane restricts some substances and permits others through, it is referred to as being ________.

selectively permeable

Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts?

nucleus

________ help stabilize the plasma membrane structure and maintain its fluidity.

Sterols

As the Golgi apparatus loses membrane through generation of vesicles at the cis face, it gains membrane by the fusion of transport vesicles at the trans face.

False

In correct order from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Which of the following is another name for cytosol?

intracellular fluid

A major function of the Golgi apparatus is ________.

the synthesis and packaging of secretions

Endocytosis is an energy-requiring process where vesicles are packaged with extracellular material for importation into the cell.

True

________ provide strength, stabilize organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm; they are defined by their size rather than composition, which varies from cell to cell.

Intermediate filaments

Using the image above, what is the anatomical term for the Label C?

Integral protein

Chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through (the) ________.

nuclear pores

Using the diagram above, what is the anatomical term for Label S?

Mitochondria

The extracellular fluid contains high concentration of ________.

sodium ions

Large areas of opposing plasma membrane may be interconnected by transmembrane proteins called ________, which bind to each other and to other extracellular materials.

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

A passive process that involves the movement of water (solvent) molecules toward solute concentrations across a membrane is called facilitated diffusion.

False

Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles?

They do not have their own enclosed membrane.

The nucleus of a cell ________.

is surrounded by a double layered membrane

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________.

cytoskeleton

Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the ________.

integral proteins

Carbon dioxide moves through the plasma membrane through the process of ________.

simple diffusion

The viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasma membrane is called the ________.

glycocalyx

Using the diagram above, the letter "___" renews the plasma membrane and the letter "___" synthesizes ribosomes.

T; I

________ are organelles filled with digestive enzymes, which function in the intracellular removal of pathogens and damaged organelles.

Lysosomes

Active transport is an energy-requiring process whereby ions and possibly other materials are moved across a membrane by carrier proteins, which work despite an opposing concentration gradient.

True

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration?

osmosis

Renewal or modification of the plasma membrane is the major function of which organelle?

Golgi body

Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasma membrane?

facilitated diffusion

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane, while ________ are embedded within the membrane.

integral proteins

Which of the following is a cylindrical structure composed of short microtubules?

centriole

Using the diagram above, what is the anatomical term for Label A?

Microvilli

A passive process wherein carrier molecules transport materials down concentration gradients across a membrane is called osmosis.

False

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

The general functions of the plasma membrane include ________.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following synthesizes the components of ribosomes?

nucleolus

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?

centriole

A/an ________ is a form of an anchoring junction that encircles a cell.

adhesion belt

An active process for transporting extracellular fluid, such as water and small molecules, across a plasm membrane is ________.

pinocytosis

________ are slender strands, usually composed of the protein actin.

Microfilaments