wala lng

This contains neurons that each respond to multiple frequencies 

Primary Auditory Cortex and Auditory Association Cortices

Receives sensory input other than auditory information

Secondary Auditory Cortex & Auditory Association Cortices

This is responsible for decoding the meaning of words

Auditory Association Cortices

This is responsible for sound localization

Primary Auditory Cortex

This receives auditory input from the medial geniculate body

Primary Auditory Cortex and Secondary Auditory Cortex

It contains the hair cell receptors in the utricle and saccule

Macula

Its movement due to the force of gravity results in the shearing of hair cells that transduce head motion

Otoconia

There is a delay in its initial movement due to inertia, which results in the shearing of hair cells that transduce head motion

Endolymph

Due to endolymph fluid, this is displaced which bends the stereocilia of the hair cells

Cupula

The _____ medial geniculate body projects spectral information to the ________

dorsal, auditory association cortex

A man visits an audiologist due to difficulties hearing from his left ear. Upon evaluation, the audiologist concluded that the structures in his ear itself were intact and functioning.

Which of the following structures in the central auditory pathway is MOST likely affected resulting in his hearing difficulties?

cochlear nucleus

Where in the central auditory pathway do ventral and dorsal auditory streams converge?

inferior collioculus

Which structure in the central auditory pathway helps regulate the auditory information brought to the auditory cortex?

medial geniculate body

Which structure in the central auditory pathway first segregates auditory information according to frequency, intensity, and timing into parallel pathways?

cochlear nucleus

which structure is responsible for contracting the stapedius muscle during the acoustic/stapedial reflex?

facial nerve

the cochlear nuclei are tonotopically organized such that neurons respond to high frequency sounds are located _______

dorsally

the primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organized such that neurons that respond to low frequency sounds are located

laterally

this detects head motion when you ride through the loop of a rollercaoster

posterior semicircular canal

this detects head motion when you shake your head to say “no”

lateral semicircular canal

this detects head motion when you jump up and down on the trampoline

saccule

which is true about the stapedial reflex response pathway?

it sends signals to the stapedius muscle via the superior olivary complex

what is not true about the medial olivocochlear bundle pathway?

it aids the outer hair cells in the cochlea to amplify sounds heard

what is not true about the auditory nerve?

it propagates action potentials from hair cells to the central axon then to the spinal ganglion and lastly to the peripheral axon

The ventral acoustic stria projects to all of the following structures from the cochlear nuclei EXCEPT for the…

contralateral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

a person who has a unilateral lesion at the level of the superior olivary complex would be able to hear auditory inputs from both ears

true

acoustic shadow has a greater effect on high frequency versus low frequency sounds

true

a person with hearing loss will be able to listen to speech more easily in environments with increased reverberations

false

high ceilings in a room will decrease reverberations in a room

false

high frequency sounds tend to be blocked more easily by physical barriers such as walls

true

interaural DURATION difference influences our ability to exhibit sound localization

false

it is possible for humans to perceive sounds with frequencies ranging from

20-20,000 Hz

among the choices presented, this frequency will require the most energy in order to be detected by humans (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 250 Hz, NONE)

250 Hz

the following describe the relationship between frequency and pitch

direct

the following affect the quality of sounds except (tone decay, tone attack, harmonic content, NONE)

NONE

This is essential for one to be able to exhibit phonemic restoration

prior knowledge

zero decibels hearing level corresponds to

the quietest sound a human ear can detect

low frequency sounds produce maximal basilar membrane movement toward the

apical end of the cochlea

this anatomical structure is responsible for enhancing 2,000-5,000 Hz sounds by as much as 15-20 dB

ear canal

your auditory system will group sounds together if

they change smoothly

what is an auditory stream? (all of the sounds in your current environment or the sound of a bird)

the sound of a bird

a sound is presented at 180 degrees azimuth. this means that the sound source is located

directly behind the listener

accurate sound localization can easily be exhibited by a person with

normal hearing thresholds at the left and right ears

sounds having varying onset and termination times will most likely be perceived as

sounds from separate sources

sounds with the same timbre, loudness, and pitch range will most likely be perceived as

sounds from a single source

the child shook her head when daddy asked if she wants milk

comprehension

the child said “ah-ah” when he heard mommy say “beep beep”

patterning

the child stopped sucking his thumb when he heard her caregiver’s voice

detection

the child got the toy car when the mother said car

identification

the child repeated “mama” when her sister said “mama”

identification

the child said “different” when he was presented with sounds “moo and boo”

discrimination

the child danced at a fast pace when the music was adjusted to 2x its playback speed

patterning

the child turned towards the direction of the barking dog

detection

the child was able to follow, “clap your hands, stomp your feet”

comprehension

the child pointed at the correct words consistently given the choices: cat vs mat

discrimination

a person is able to hear even before they are born

true

at 0-3 months, babies are more likely to respond to very soft sounds

false

babies start localizing to source of voice with accuracy starting at ~4 months

true

children start to associate meaning to words at 12 months of age

false

children are expected to start discriminating a familiar person’s voice against environmental sounds at 1 years of age

true

children are expected to listen intently and remember words in the middle of statements at 1 year and 2 months old

false

children 2 years of age are expected to recall two words at a time

true

children 3 years and 0 months old are expected to have an auditory meatus of 5 units

false

children are expected to exhibit some level of auditory figure ground before the age of 1 year

true

children 4 years of age are expected to comprehend sentences such as: get something you can eat that is red