Combined Block 4 questions

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she?

B. is ejected or partially ejected

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Airbags are designed to?

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to ?

D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT ?

D. the speed of the fall.

Force acting over a distance is the definition of ?

work

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must?

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because ? In

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include ?

coughing up blood.

The energy of a moving object is called:

kinetic energy.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as ?

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

Cavitation

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that ?

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the?

mechanism of injury

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

A. quadruples

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

A.Deployment of the air bag

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

deformed steering wheel

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

D. 1L

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the?

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma?

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

Capillaries link the arterioles and the?

venules

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include?

pain and distention.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

Hematemesis

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

shock

Hypovolemic shock occurs when?

Low blood volume leads to inadequate perfusion

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

weakness or dizziness.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than of his or her total blood volume ?

D. 20%

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to ?

How rapidly he or she bleeds.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

systolic bp

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

Skeletal muscle

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

contusion

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the:

the lips

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

Avulsion

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following except:

immobilization of the injury

Functions of the skin include all of the following, except:

production of key antibodies

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection

In addition to severe bleeding, the most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injures

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinned skin?

the ears

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old paitent?

circumferential partial thickness burn to the chest

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

of the risk for airway problems

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system

The Adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

Lacrimal gland

The cricoid cartilage:

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

globe

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva

The lower jawbone is called the:

mandible

The mastoid process is located approximately:

1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

just anterior to the tragus

The term "hyphema" is defined as"

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

The upper jawbones are called the:

maxillae

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Allows movement of the head

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

they might need to call a specialist to see the patient

Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

cerebellum

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

it causes a problem managing the airway

Signs and Symptoms that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include:

nausea and ringing in the ears

The ... nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

peripheral

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:

depressed skull fractures

The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is:

Epinephrine

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

the four-person log roll

The most reliable sign of a head injury is:

Decreased level of consciousness

The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:

spinal canal

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:

dura mater

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

Somatic

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:

might lose sensation below the level of the injury

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

jaw-thrust maneuver

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.

head

Which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure?

30-degree elevation of the head

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

slow