what were the symptoms of a growing tumour in left parietal lobe?
what does the parietal cortex process and integrates?
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what were the symptoms of a growing tumour in left parietal lobe?
what does the parietal cortex process and integrates?
what demarks the parietal lobe as as anterior?
central fissure
what demarks the parietal lobe as ventral?
lateral (Sylvian) fissure
what demarks the parietal lobe as dorsal?
cingulate gyrus
what demarks the parietal lobe as posterior?
parietal-occipital sulcus
what are the principle regions of parietal lobe?
what are the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus often referred to as?
inferior parietal lobe
what includes the anterior zone?
what includes the posterior zone?
remaining areas
what is the anterior zone?
what is the posterior zone called?
posterior parietal cortex
what part of parietal lobe has undergone a major expansion?
inferior region mostly
have we found areas 39 and 40 in monkey brain?
no
how many posterior parietal areas are there in Von Economo’s map found in both monkeys and human brain?
what other areas in human brain has sig expanded?
where do polymodal cells receive inputs from?
more than one sensory modality
what do cells in PG respond to?
both somatosensory and visual inputs
what do cells in STS respond to?
various combos of auditory, visual, and somatosensory inputs
what can the asymmetry of PG and STS be because of?
much larger area PG (possibly STS too) on the right than on the left
what can we expect if PG area gets lesion?
what specific parts of parietal regions that part in dorsal stream of visual processing?
how were human and monkey map mapped?
what do regions in the intraparietal sulcus contribute to controlling?
what does PRR have role in?
visual guided grasping movements
what is a saccade?
series of invulun, abrupt, and rapid small movements or jerks made by both eyes simultaneously in changing the pnt of fixation
how many pathways were identified leaving the posterior parietal regions?
what is the parieto-premotor pathway proposed to be?
principle of “how” pathway
what is the parieto-frontal pathway proposed to be?
to have visuospatial funcs, esp related to visuospatial working memo
what odes the parieto-medial temporal pathway do?
proposed to have a role in spatial navigation
where does the parieto-medial temporal pathway flow to?
would does posterior parietal cortex contribute to and how?
what have parietal lobe injuries demonstrated?
the parietal lobe plays a central role in creating a brain map
is there evidence for a map in the brain?
not rlly
it is actually more likely that there is a series of neural representations of space that vary in 2 ways
what is spatial info another property of?
visual info
what must visuomotor control must be for spatial info needed to guide eye, head, or limb movements to obj?
viewer-centered → obj location and its local orientation and motion must be determined relative to the viewer
what details are irrelevant for visuomotor guidance?
object characteristics such as colour
what does the brain operate on?
a “need-to-know” basis
what does obj centrered sys be concerned with?
characteristics such a obj size, shape, colour and relative locations so that the objs are recog when they are encountered in diff visual contexts or form diff vantage pnts
what does the temporal lobe codes?
what does accommodating many differing viewer-centered movement requires?
what do results of single-cell studies in posterior parietal lobes of monkeys confirm?
when are most neurons in posterior parietal region active?
what happens with lesions in posterior parietal lobe?
impairs movement guidance and may detecting sensory events
what are cells in monkey responding to when they manipulate obj?
what are the things that the responses of posterior parietal neurons have in common?
when we move toward obj, we must integrate movements of various body part with what?
sensory feedback of what movements are actually being made → efferent copy and the plans to make the movements
when we move, the locations of our body parts change, and perceptions of our body must constantly be updated so that we can make future movements smoothy, what is this called?
sensorimotor transformation
what do cells in the posterior parietal cortex produce in terms of sensorimotor transformation?
when is area PRR active?
what is PRR coding?
Andersen’s group studied what?
why is the monkey experiment important?
what has been a key to neuroprosthetic applications?
technological dev enabling use of multiple recording channels that confer redundancy of control and hence reliability
can behaviourally meaningful info be transferred between brains of 2 rats?
what is route knowledge?
where is route knowledge located in brain?
what do three-quarter of the cells in the MPR show response to?
what would happen if researches inactivate the MPR pharmacologically in monkeys?
they become lost and failed to navigate correctly → act like human patients with medial parietal lesions
what is the first aspect of theory parietal lobe func?
considers the users spatial info for recog obj and guiding movement
what is the second aspect of spatial representation?
can peep w/ posterior pareital lesions do mental manipulations?
no
what are mathematics and arithmetic related problems related to?
quasi-spatial nature analogous to mentally manipulating concrete shapes but entailing the manipulation of abstract symbols correct solutions.
what is acalculia?
what area may arithmetic operations depend on?
can lang also be seen as quasi-spatial?
language may rely on what?
polysensory tissue found at the temoroparietal junction as well
can people with parietal-lobe injuries copy movements?
have difficulties
also relate to polysensory tissue found at the temoroparietal junction
snapshot - Spatial Cognition and White Matter Organization
what is damage to the postcentral gyrus typically associated with?
marked changes in somatosensory thresholds
what did focal cortical surgery help with?
relieving epilepsy
what do lesions of the postcentral gyrus produce?
what is stereognosis?
what is afferent paresis?
what is astereognosis?
what kind of tests done for astereognosis?
Objects are placed on the palms of blindfolded subjects, or the subjects are told to handle shapes. The task is to match the original shape or object to one of several alternatives solely on the basis of tactile information.
what is simultaneous extinction?
can only report one obj when presented with two of the same
what is a test for simultaneous extinction?
tests for simultaneous extinction present two tactile stimuli simultaneously to the same or different body parts. The objective is to uncover those situations in which both stimuli would be reported if applied singly but only one would be reported if both were applied tgt
what is it called when cant report one stimulus in simultaneous extinction test?
extinction
what is extinction associated with (damage to what area)?
what is is called when patient can point with her left hand to locations on her right hand where she had been touched even tho she failed to report feeling the touch?
what is numb touch associated with (what lesions?)?
areas PE, PF and some of PG
what does tactile analog of blindsight suggests?
existence of 2 tactile sys - one specialized for detection and the other for localization
how many major somatosensory agnosias are there?
what is asomatognosia?
loss of knowledge or sense of one’s own body and bodily condition
what are the varieties of asomatognosia?
what side of body can asomatognosias affect?
what is the most common autopagnosia?
finger agnosia → condition in which a person is unable either to pnt to the various fingers of either hand or to show them to an examiner
what relation exists between finger agnosia and dyscalculia (difficulty in performing arithmetic operations)?
in what condition is finger agnosia present in?
spina bifida
what were the 3 peculiar symptoms in patient with bilateral parietal lesion in Balint’s syndrome?
when can optic ataxia develop?
unilateral and bilateral lesions in posterior parietal lesions
specifically, lesions in superior parietal region (area PE)
symptoms of contralateral neglect?
what is the disorder where one is impaired at combining blocks to form designs?
constructional apraxia
part of contralateral neglect
topographic disability symptoms?
what are the stages of recovery for contralateral neglect?
where is damage in contralateral neglect?
both the right intraparietal sulcus and right angular gyrus
what is contralateral neglect occasionally observe in subsequent lesions where?
frontal lobe and cingulate cortex and subcortical structs including the superior colliculus and lateral hypothalamus
why does neglect arise?
caused by either
integration and disruption terms in contralateral neglect?
morphosynthesis and amorphosynthesis