Gastrointestinal regulation

Autonomic Nervous System

A part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including digestion.

Enteric Nervous System

A division of the autonomic nervous system that controls GI function independently through short and long reflex arcs.

GI Hormones

Hormones that regulate digestion and are secreted in response to specific stimuli.

Not Regulated by Homeostasis

Refers to processes in the autonomic nervous system that function without direct feedback control.

Cephalic Phase

The phase of gastric secretion initiated by the sight, smell, or taste of food.

Gastric Phase

The phase initiated when a bolus reaches the stomach, leading to secretion of gastric juices.

Intestinal Phase

The phase initiated by chyme entering the small intestine, regulating secretions and motility.

Submucosal Plexus

Part of the enteric nervous system, responsible for regulating enzyme secretion and blood flow.

Myenteric Plexus

Part of the enteric nervous system, primarily controlling gastrointestinal motility.

Peristalsis

The series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Chemoreceptor

Sensory receptors that detect chemical stimuli and relay messages to theCentral Nervous System.

Gastrin

A hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric juices in response to protein concentration changes.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats.

Pancreatic Juices

Digestive fluids produced by the pancreas that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.