Chem 1 &2 test

intro: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

What is chemistry?

Study of matter- material that makes up the physical universe

What is matter?

material that makes up the physical universe and anything that has mass and occupies space. It is composed of building blocks :100+ elementsW

What are properties?

Distinguishing characteristics used to tell one type of matter

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid and gas (vapor)

What is the transition between melting/ freezing?

It goes from solid to liquid

What is the transition between vaporization and condensation

Liquid to Gas

What is the transition between sublimation and deposition?

Solid to Gas without melting

What is an example of sublimation?

Dry Ice

Solids does what?

defines volume, shape, molecules arranged in locations incompressible, not pourable, little movement

Liquid does what?

Definite volume, takes shape of container, molecules, mostly incompressible, porable, moves rapidly

Gas does what?

No definite volume, expands to completely fill container, molecules separated by something, readily fills container

What is a substance?

It has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

What is an element?

A substance which cannot be decomposed to simpler substances

What is a compound

A substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element

What is an atom?

The building blocks of matter.

Elelement?

made of a unique kind of atom and some have more than one kind of atom

What is an example of diatomic element?

Hydrogen H2, O2 Oxygen, Nitrogen N2 etc

Compound in matter?

made of atoms form two or more different elements

How are elements represented?

With the symbol of 1-2 letters

Where do element symbols come from?

based on latin, greek or other foreign language

How many are named elements

118

What is a pure substance?

composition does not vary among sample

what is a mixture

it exhibit the properties of the substances that makes them heterogeneous or homogeneous

What is a heterogeneous?

Varys in compositions throughout a sample

what is homogeneous?

Same composition through out the sample also called a solution

Elements can be?

One type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler types of matter

Compounds are?

One is more type of atoms (2 or more elements). can be broken down into more straightforward types of matter, has properties different from its component element, and always contains the same ratio of component atoms.

Mixture are?

2 or more elements of components, can be broken down into more straightforward types of matter by physical means, have many properties of its component elements and/ or compounds, variable ratios of components, etc

physical properties are

observed without changing a substance into another substance ex color, oder, density etc.

Chemical properties are

observed when a substance is changed into another substance ex. reactivity, toxicity etc.

Intensive properties are

independent of the amount of the substance that is present, Can be used for identifying a substance. ex melting point boiling point and color

extensive properties

depends upon the amount of the substance present ex. mass, volume, and energy

physical change

are changes in matter that change the composition of a substance ex. state of matter, temperature, and volume

Chemical change

result in new substance with different properties than starting material and atoms are rearranged. Ex. combustion, oxidation and decomposition

Convert between the 3 states of matter is a ?

physical change

is a physical change reversible?

yes

Is chemical change reversible?

in general they are but they come with a cost

examples of physical change?

shaving a pieces of metal, freezing water to make ice, cutting of wood, crumpling paper, condensing carbon dioxide to make dry ice.

What are examples of extensive property?

energy , length, volume, and mass

Mixtures can be separated based ob physical properties of the components of the mixture. What are some methods of this?

Filtrations, distillation, chromography

What is filtration?

Solid substances that are separated from liquids and solutions

Energy is what?

The ability to do work or transfer heat

What is heat?

Energy that causes temperature change of object

What is work?

energy transferred when a force (f) is applied to an object causing the objects to move some distance (d)

What is force?

push or pull on an object

What are the 2 types of energy?

Kinetic and Potential

What is kinetic energy

energy of motion

What is potential energy?

depends on its relative position compared to other objects

What id distillation?

use differences in the boiling points of substances to separate a liquid homogeneous mixture into its components

What is chromatography?

separated using differences in the way components interact with a surface

what is peta?

its 10^15 =P

what is tera?

its 10^12 = T

what is giga?

its 10^9 =G

what is mega?

its 10^6=M

what is kilo

its 10^3 = k

what is deci?

its 10^-1 =d

What is centi?

its 10^-2=c

what is milli?

its 10^-3= m

What is micro?

its 10^-6= mu

What is nano?

its 10^-9=n

What is pico?

its 10^-12=p

What is femto?

its 10^-15=f

What is atto?

its 10^-18=a

What is zepto?

its 10^-20=z

What is mass?

amount of material in an object

The SI uses what as the base unit?

Kg Kilogram

What does the metric system use as the base unit?

grams!

Length is what?

the measure of distance

One meter is equal to how many yards?

1\.09

Celsuis scale is based on properties of what?

Water

Kelvin is the Si unit of temp and based on what properties?

gages

What does Kevin equal?

k=degree cells +273.15

What is density?

physical property of a substance!

What is the equation for density?

D=m/v

all measure numbers have some degree of?

inaccuracy

All measure scale have uncertancity

estimated value

What is Precision

how closely individual measurements agree with one another

What is Accuracy

how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or true value

Uncertainties always _____?

EXIST!!

Where are protons and neutrons located?

In the nucleus

Where is the electron located?

could around nucleus

What kind of charge does a proton have?

postive

What kind of charge does an electron have?

negative

Neutron has a charge of?

0

What are atoms?

smallest unit all matter that still retains distinct characteristics

What makes one element different from another?

the number of protons it contains

Atomic number equals?

the number of protons = the number of electrons

What are isotopes

atoms with identical atomic number but it has a different number of neutrons and mass

What is mass spectrometry?

Sampleis ionized using an electron beam

Rows are called?

periods

Columns are called

groups

Groups are elements that share similar

properties

What are metals?

luster,electircal conductance, heat conductance, all solids at room temperature

What are non metals

differs in appearance; not good conductors of heat or electricity; some gasses, some solids, and some liquids at rom temperature

What are metalloids?

properties of metals and nonmetals

Chemicals formulas-

number and type of atoms

What is chemicals formula?

symbols from the periodic table show the type of atom. Subscripts show the exact number of each

Molecues and Molecular compounds?

• Molecules contain 2 or more atoms most only contains nonmetals

Molecular formula H2O

shows actual number and types of atoms in molecules

what are diatomic molecules?

molecules that contains only 2 atoms