Untitled Flashcards Set

SI units

International system of units based on multiples of 10.

How do you calculate the mean?

Add all the numbers and divide by the total of available numbers.

Length

Measured in meters; it is the measurement of how long something is.

Basic unit of length

Meters.

Types of linear measurement

Length, width, distance, diameter.

Instruments used to measure length

Ruler, tape measure, measuring wheel.

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Basic unit of mass

Grams.

Instruments used to measure mass

Spring scale, digital balance, beam balance.

Volume

The amount of space that an object or substance occupies.

Basic unit of liquid volume

Liters.

Instruments used to measure volume

Graduated cylinder, beaker, volumetric flask, pipette.

Meniscus

The curve at the surface of a liquid in a cylinder or beaker.

How to read the meniscus

Measure at the bottom of the curve, at eye level.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

Basic unit of temperature

Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin.

Instruments used to measure temperature

Thermometer.

Diameter at breast height (DBH)

A standard method to measure the diameter of a tree's trunk.

Calculation of DBH

Circumference divided by pi.

Accuracy

How closely a measurement agrees with the true value.

Precision

How closely repeated measurements are to each other.

Scientific Investigation

A systematic approach to research that involves observation, questions, and experiments.

Steps of scientific investigation

Observation, Questions, Literature Review, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion.

Hypothesis

A testable statement predicting the relationship between variables.

Prediction

A specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is correct.

Experimental design factors

Independent/Dependent variables, controlled variables, sample size.

Independent variable

Factor that is changed by the experimenter.

Dependent variable

Factor being measured or observed.

Controlled variables

Factors kept the same across all groups.

Continuous variables

Measured qualitatively and uses logical orders of numbers.

Discrete variables

Measured qualitatively and uses unordered categories.

Experimental group

Group treated with the independent variable.

Control group

Group where the independent variable is standardized.

Data presentation methods

Graphs and tables to present data.

Line graph

Shows the relationship between continuous variables.

Histogram

Shows frequency of data for discrete variables.

Bar graph

Compares data and identifies trends.

Building Green

The practice of creating environmentally friendly buildings.

Advantages of building green

Minimizes environmental impact, promotes health, and conserves resources.

Sustainability

Using resources to meet present and future human needs without harming the environment.

LEED certification

Meeting requirements for sustainable design and construction.

Energy Composition calculation

kWh (kilowatt-hour) = (average energy use W) x (hours of bulb use/100)

kWh per year calculation

kWh per year (Annual Energy use) = (kWh) (hours per day) (days per year)

Annual Cost per Year

kWh per year multiplied by cost per kWh.

Energy-efficient bulbs

Incandescent, CFL, and LED bulbs with different wattage.

Bioplastics

Environmentally friendly alternatives made from plant-based materials.

What are bioplastics made from?

Plant sugars, corn, wheat, and potatoes.

Benefits of bioplastics

Renewable and better for the environment than conventional plastics.

Composting bioplastics process

Requires ideal conditions for complete degradation.

Properties of plastics

Durable, lightweight, flexible, water-resistant, etc.

What is leachate?

Liquid formed when water filters through waste in landfills.

Are bioplastics biodegradable?

Not all bioplastics are biodegradable.

Recycled plastics products

Plastic bags, clothing, containers.

Why is plastic popular?

Durable, strong, lightweight, and cost-effective.

Consequences of removing plastic from the sea

Beneficial but may disrupt marine habitats.

Lab tools and instruments

Measuring tape, balances, thermometers, pipets used for precise measurements.