Unit 10: Justice + 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Commandments

What is Justice and what are the two types of rights?

Giving to others what is due, beginning with God (Iustitia → justice/object and Ius → right)

1. Natural Rights: given by God

2. Positive Rights: given by Man (Bill of Rights)

   • Private Agreement: contract

   • Public Agreement: legal/civil

Why is justice owed to others?

This virtue directs human actions toward the common good (and the common good of others)
- This’s fundamentally about right relationships between individuals and communities

What is the virtue of religion? (include the 4 parts)

-The virtue by which we give to God the worship that’s due to Him (to bind/to place an obligation on)
1.Interior Acts: things that use intellect/free will (prayer which is an act of intellect and devotion which is an act of will)
2.Exterior Acts: (Body) bow, kneel, sign of the cross, genuflect → showing bodily reverence
3.Offerings to God: 1) sacrifices (suffering makes us holy as we see we are weak and depend on God 2) obligations → time/talent 3) tithe → called to more and giving everything to God 4) vows → promises to God which are total, faithful, free, and fruitful
4.Taking from God: 1) sacraments 2) God’s name → thanking him through an oath and not taking His name in vain

What’s the vice of excess for religion and what does it include? (3 parts)

Superstition: belief that words, actions, events, and things obtain supernatural assistance outside of God
1) Idolatry: a person gives worship to created things (active and passive)
2) Divination: obtaining hidden information from places other than God → the danger of this is the presence of demons
3) Observances: seeking power outside of God through items, words, events, etc. → usually power over people like crystals, witchcraft and sorcery

What is the deficiency of religion? (include the 2 inner concepts)

Irreligion: the vice by which a person disrespects or mocks God’s goodness or dignity
1) Sacrilege: treating holy things, people, or places in a profane way
2) Simony: the buying or selling of free spiritual gifts from God (sacraments, church offices, indulgences)

What’s the virtue of piety?

The virtue by which we show reverence and honor to God
- Pietas → devout

What’s the excess of piety?

Self-righteousness: vice by which a person has a sense of himself as morally or religiously superior to others (e.g. pharisees)

What’s the deficiency of piety?

Impiety: vice by which one lacks having only respect, reverence, or honor for God

What are the theological virtues?

Faith: believes in God and all that he has revealed through Jesus
Hope: desire for Heaven and eternal life with God as our ultimate happiness
CHarity: we love God and give Him glory and honor (by loving others too) → love is the act; charity is the virtue

What’s the first commandment?

-I am the Lord your God, you shall not have strange gods before me.

What’s the core principle of the first commandment?

-God wants you to love Him with all your heart, soul, and strength

What are the vices against faith?

Atheism: rejection of the existence of God
Heresy: belief or opinion taught that’s contrary to what Jesus taught
Apostacy: total rejection of the faith in someone who used to believe