Unit 10: Justice + 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Commandments

What is Justice and what are the two types of rights?

Giving to others what is due, beginning with God (Iustitia → justice/object and Ius → right)

1. Natural Rights: given by God

2. Positive Rights: given by Man (Bill of Rights)

   • Private Agreement: contract

   • Public Agreement: legal/civil

Why is justice owed to others?

This virtue directs human actions toward the common good (and the common good of others)
- This’s fundamentally about right relationships between individuals and communities

What is the virtue of religion? (include the 4 parts)

-The virtue by which we give to God the worship that’s due to Him (to bind/to place an obligation on)
1.Interior Acts: things that use intellect/free will (prayer which is an act of intellect and devotion which is an act of will)
2.Exterior Acts: (Body) bow, kneel, sign of the cross, genuflect → showing bodily reverence
3.Offerings to God: 1) sacrifices (suffering makes us holy as we see we are weak and depend on God 2) obligations → time/talent 3) tithe → called to more and giving everything to God 4) vows → promises to God which are total, faithful, free, and fruitful
4.Taking from God: 1) sacraments 2) God’s name → thanking him through an oath and not taking His name in vain

What’s the vice of excess for religion and what does it include? (3 parts)

Superstition: belief that words, actions, events, and things obtain supernatural assistance outside of God
1) Idolatry: a person gives worship to created things (active and passive)
2) Divination: obtaining hidden information from places other than God → the danger of this is the presence of demons
3) Observances: seeking power outside of God through items, words, events, etc. → usually power over people like crystals, witchcraft and sorcery

What is the deficiency of religion? (include the 2 inner concepts)

Irreligion: the vice by which a person disrespects or mocks God’s goodness or dignity
1) Sacrilege: treating holy things, people, or places in a profane way
2) Simony: the buying or selling of free spiritual gifts from God (sacraments, church offices, indulgences)

What’s the virtue of piety?

The virtue by which we show reverence and honor to God
- Pietas → devout

What’s the excess of piety?

Self-righteousness: vice by which a person has a sense of himself as morally or religiously superior to others (e.g. pharisees)

What’s the deficiency of piety?

Impiety: vice by which one lacks having only respect, reverence, or honor for God

What are the theological virtues?

Faith: believes in God and all that he has revealed through Jesus
Hope: desire for Heaven and eternal life with God as our ultimate happiness
Charity: we love God and give Him glory and honor (by loving others too) → love is the act; charity is the virtue

What’s the first commandment?

-I am the Lord your God, you shall not have strange gods before me.

What’s the core principle of the first commandment?

-God wants you to love Him with all your heart, soul, and strength

What are the vices against faith?

Atheism: rejection of the existence of God
Heresy: belief or opinion taught that’s contrary to what Jesus taught
Apostacy: total rejection of the faith in someone who used to believe

What are the vices against hope?

Despair: willful lack of trust in God’s mercy and love
Presumption: vice by which one assumes God will be merciful even with no effect to live a Christian life

What are the vices against charity?

Hatred: anything that opposes joy, peace, or mercy toward others
Indifference: the lack of concern or care for God and others, characterized by coldness or apathy that refuses to respond to God’s love or extend love to others. (not acting in love when needed)
Ingratitude: lack of thankfulness for God’s goodness toward you

What’s the second commandment?

You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain

What’s the core principle of the second commandment?

It’s out of love for God and having awe and reverence for His identity and His goodness

What does vain mean?

Empty, worthless, or hollow

How does God reveal His name?

Title: God (Old Testament)

Name: Jesus → Yahweh “I am who I am” (New Testament)

Name: Jesus → Yahweh saves AND Christ → anointed one (New Testament)

What are the different types of swearing?

Vow: swearing a promise to God with others as witnesses (marriage)
Oath: swearing a promise to God with God as your witness (legal)

What are vices against the second commandment?

Blasphemy: acting or speaking in a contemptuous way of God or holy things
Swearing: taking God’s name for trivial reasons
Cursing: using words to call evil upon someone

What’s the core principle of the third commandment?

Rest allows us to recalibrate, recommit, and respond

Why is the day of rest on Sunday?

-Jesus rose on Sunday → He made Saturday the Sabbath Day (covenant)
-Sunday represents the new covenant and the Lord’s Day is called the 8th day (resurrection)

What are the 5 precepts of the church?

1. Confession at least once a year (ideally during Lent)

2. Go to mass on Sunday and holy days of obligation

3. Days of fasting should be observed

4. Receive the Eucharist a minimum of once a year (ideally Easter)

5. Give to the needs of the Church

What are permissible reasons to miss mass on Sunday?

-Sick
-Need to care for another
-Physically incapable

When is it permissible to work on the Lord’s Day?

-One can work but it is based on their circumstance (one must put the spirit of the law over the letter of the law)

justice

giving to others what is due beginning with God

religion

virtue by which we give to God the worship that’s due to Him (to bind + to place an obligation on)

superstition

belief that words, actions, events, and objects obtain supernatural assistance outside of God

idolatry

a person gives worship to created things

divination

obtains hidden information from places other than God → demonic presence = dangerous

observances

seeking power outside of God through items, words, events, etc. → usually power over people

irreligion

the vice by which a person disrespects or mocks God’s goodness or dignity

sacrilege

treating holy things, people, or place in a profane way

simony

the buying or selling of free spiritual gifts from God

piety

the virtue by which we show reverence and honor to God (devout)

self-righteousness

vice by which a person has a sense of himself as morally or religiously superior to others

impiety

vice by which one lacks having only respect, reverence, or honor to God

faith

believes in God and all that He has revealed through Jesus

hope

desire for Heaven and eternal life with God as our ultimate happiness

charity

we love God and give Him glory and honor

atheism

rejection of the existence of God

heresy

belief or opinion taught that’s contrary to what Jesus taught

apostacy

total rejection of the faith in someone who used to believe

despair

willful lack of trust in God’s mercy and love

presumption

vice by which one assumes God will be merciful even with no effect to live a Christian life

hatred

anything that opposes joy, peace, or mercy toward others

indifference

the lack of concern or care for God and others, characterized by coldness or apathy that refuses to respond to God’s love or extend love to others

ingratitude

lack of thankfulness for God’s goodness toward you

vow

swearing a promise to God with others as witnesses (marriage)

oath

swearing a promise to God with God as your witness (legal)

blasphemy

acting or speaking in a contemptuous way of God or holy things

swearing

taking God’s name for trivial reasons

cursing

using words to call evil upon someone