LSUS MHA 702 Ch 20 latest actual questions with accurate expert solutions + rationales ( LATEST RELEASE )

3 philosophies of management styles:

- Authoritarian

- Legalistic

- Humanistic

The first "school" of management _______________________________

authoritarian management.

Authoritarian management focuses on ______________________ and minimizes the importance of ___________________.

work; people

The motivating force for productivity, regarding authoritarian management, is ___________________________ (McGregor's Theory _______).

fear; X

_____________________ managers are unquestionably "in charge" (use Golman's "coercive style")

Autocratic

Authoritarian managers provide employees 2 options:

- Do as they are told

- Leave

_______________ began in the 1930s with the passage of the wage and our laws and the enactment of labor laws.

Legalistic management

Legalist management expanded with the __________________________________________.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legalistic mangers interact with employees out of a strict regard for ___________________________________________________.

employee rights and fear of breaking the law

2 significant influences of Humanistic management:

- Legislation

- The human relations movement in management

Human management contented, _____________________________________________are generally better producers and more loyal than those who are not so treated.

well-treated employees who are dealt with fairly and equitably

________________________ attitudes persist due to __________________________________.

Authoritarian; being trained by an emulating authoritarian role models

Human behavior often changes ___________________ - in this case, "dies away."

slowly

The goal of scientific management was ____________________ (early 1900s).

efficiency

________________________________ Frederick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry L. Gantt and Frank Bunker.

Key innovators of Scientific include

Scientific management:

- Focused on __________ (work) and ________________ (output) while largely ignoring ___________________

- Made significant contributions to ________________________________ and other repetitive work situations (ergonomics)

- ____________ the concept of production-centered management

process, production; American industrial assembly lines; Strengthened

Two other management systems or approaches to classifying work evolved in the 1900s - ____________________________________________________________ (Likert).

job organization and cooperative motivation

In job organization (extension of Scientific Management):

- _________________ work is dominant

- Jobs are usually _______________ with considerable structure

- _______________ are possible (desirable?)

- ______________ can be accurately scheduled

Repetitive; well organized; Tight controls; Output

Scientific management is focused on the ________________________________.

process and its output

Regarding Scientific management, success depends on ___________________________.

economic motives

__________________ (sprang out of realization that not all work was "routine):

- Jobs are ______________ organized

- Tight controls ________________________

- ______________ can be scheduled only in general terms

- Speed of process is _____________________, nor necessarily desirable

Cooperative Motivation; loosely; are not possible; Output; not predictable

Regarding Cooperative Motivation, management should be ___________________________. People come to work based on complex motivation (______________, but more...).

people-centered; money

Success, regarding Cooperative Motivation, depends on _______________________________________.

individual enthusiasm and motivation

Theory X assumes:

- Employees are __________________________________________

- Supervisors must constantly ______________________

indifferent, passive, and even resistant to organizational needs; control workers

Underlying assumptions of Theory X:

- People are inclined to work _____________________________

- Most people lack _____________________________ and prefer to be told what to do

- People are ___________________

- The average person is _______________________________________________

as little as possible; ambition, dislike responsibility; resistant to change; gullible, easily duped, and not particularly bright

The relationship between supervisors and employees is succinctly summarized in an overheard comment made by a worker to his supervisor: "Your job is to get as much work as you can out of me. My job is to do as little work as possible." Theory _______________

X

Theory Y assumes:

- People _________________ passive or resistant to organizational needs

- Motivation, capacity, potential and readiness to work toward organization goals are innately _____________________

- _______________ are responsible for helping people to recognize and develop these characteristics

- Employees can best achieve ____________________________ by directing their personal efforts toward organizational objectives

are not; present; Managers; their own goals

____________________________ is associated with lower productivity when compared to more lenient supervision and giving people responsibility and some control over their work.

close supervision

Since the 1960s, the federal government has shifted much of the social responsibility for workers to ________________________________________.

business owners and industry

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other legislation has had a great impact on _______________________________________________________________________________.

unemployment compensation benefits; applicants cannot be discriminated against in hiring or promotion; people performing similar jobs must receive similar pay; Workers' Compensation; assistance during personal and family problems

Many managers react by ___________________________________ to avoid legal trouble.

changing their behavior

Organizations must often pay the initial costs for new programs enacted by _______________________.

Congress

___________________________________________ have raised the cost of goods and services for everyone. Consumers and members of the public ____________________________________________________________.

The expenses added to the cost of doing business; ultimately pat for these changes

____________________________ remains but is steadily diminishing in prevalence, particularly in ____________________________________.

Authoritarianism; higher-order jobs

______________________________- as a primary management style is steadily being replaced by the ___________________________________.

Legalism; Humanistic Approach

Some _______________________ will always be present, particularly in crisis situations.

legalistic traits

______________________________ provide fair and more inclusive workplaces because they believe that doing so is the proper way to conduct themselves, manage others, treat people and improve productivity and retention.

Humanistic managers

___________________________________ can be found in some contemporary organizations in isolated departments or pervading entire organizations.

Authoritarian management

_____________________________ has been largely supplanted by legalistic and humanistic approaches to management.

Authoritarian

Major theoretical contributions to _______________________ were made by Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGregor, and Rensis Likert.

humanistic management

The ____________________________ environment has emerged since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act in 1964.

legalistic