Flashcards from Lecture Notes on WWII and FDR's Policies

This set of flashcards encompasses key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on World War II and related policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Four Freedoms

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1941 goals for the post-war world, which include freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

Washington Disarmament Conference

A diplomatic meeting among major naval powers from 1921 to 1922 that resulted in agreements to limit naval armaments and prevent an arms race.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

An international agreement from 1928 where signatory states promised not to use war to resolve conflicts, although it lacked enforcement power.

Dawes Plan

A U.S.-backed financial plan from 1924 designed to help Germany pay reparations after WWI by restructuring its payments and stabilizing its economy.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR’s foreign policy toward Latin America that emphasized mutual respect and non-intervention to improve diplomatic relations.

Nye Committee

A U.S. Senate committee from 1934 to 1936 that investigated the reasons behind American entry into WWI, suggesting arms manufacturers had influenced the decision.

Arsenal for Democracy

A phrase used by FDR to describe the U.S. role in supplying Allied nations with war materials before entering WWII.

America First Committee

An isolationist group that opposed U.S. entry into WWII, advocating for neutrality and non-involvement in European conflicts.

Lend-Lease Act

The 1941 legislation that allowed the U.S. to send military aid to Allied countries during WWII, marking a shift away from strict neutrality.

Atlantic Charter

A 1941 joint declaration by FDR and Winston Churchill outlining their vision for the post-war world, including self-determination and economic cooperation.

Pearl Harbor

The surprise Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, which led to U.S. entry into WWII.

FDR’s War Message to Congress

President Roosevelt’s speech on December 8, 1941, following Pearl Harbor, calling for a declaration of war against Japan, noted for the phrase 'a date which will live in infamy'.

Axis Powers

The WWII military alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which opposed the Allies.

Bataan Death March

The forced march of American and Filipino POWs by the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, resulting in thousands of deaths.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944, marking a significant point in the defeat of Nazi occupation in Western Europe.

Holocaust

The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII.

WAC (Women's Army Corps)

Women serving in non-combat military roles during WWII.

WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service)

Women who served in the U.S. Navy during WWII.

WASPs (Women Airforce Service Pilots)

Civilian female pilots who tested and ferried aircraft during WWII.

Rosie the Riveter

A cultural icon representing women working in wartime industries.

GI Bill of Rights

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, which provided WWII veterans benefits such as tuition assistance and low-interest home loans.

Executive Order 9066

Authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, issued by FDR in 1942.

Korematsu v. United States

A Supreme Court case from 1944 that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese American internment during wartime.

Gordon Hirabayashi

A Japanese American who defied internment orders, leading to a legal challenge that reached the Supreme Court.

Mitsuye Endo

A Japanese American whose Supreme Court case resulted in a ruling that the government could not detain loyal citizens without cause.

A. Philip Randolph

Civil rights leader who pressured FDR to ban discrimination in defense industries; he promoted the Double-V Campaign for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project during WWII aimed at developing the atomic bomb.

Potsdam Conference

A July 1945 meeting of Allied leaders (Truman, Stalin, Churchill/Attlee) to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII and to issue Japan an ultimatum.

Yalta Conference

A February 1945 wartime meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to plan the final stages of WWII and postwar arrangements, including the division of Germany.