Module : 1 Intro to Disasters Nursing

July 12, 2000

• Payatas Dumpsite Tragedy

• 500 scavengers were buried alive

Dec. 1987

• MV Doña Paz Tragedy

• 4, 341 people died when it collided with an oil tanker off Mindoro Island

April 19, 2000

• Air Philippines Boeing 737- 200

• (Flight 541 from Manila) crashed in Samal Island, Davao del Norte. All 131 people were killed (All passengers and crew, including four infants)

Dec. 30, 2000

• LRT RIZAL DAY BOMBING

• Worst terrorist attack in Metro Manila. A series of bombings rocked the metropolis.

• The worst explosion happened inside a train of the LRT 22 passengers were killed and hundreds more were wounded.

March 18,1996

• Ozone Disco Tragedy

• Caught fire left 160 people dead and 90 others seriously injured

Why is Philippines disaster prone

1. geographic location

2. physical structure

3. socio-economic status

4. environmental degradation

Disaster

• result of hazard

• strikes a vulnerable community whose inherent capacity is not enough to cope with its adverse effects

• A sudden, unplanned event that makes it difficult to carry out essential activities

Disaster Nursing

• adaptation of nursing knowledge and skills

• recognition and meeting the needs of victim

Natural Disaster

• those caused by natural forces

• “result of an ecological disruption or threat that exceeds the adjustment capacity of the affected Community” -WHO

Earthquake

• shaking caused by movements of plates in the earth’s crust

• occur most often along the ring of fire

• Duck, Cover, Hold

  • Hazard: injuries arising from structural collapse

Floods

• involve rivers overflowing, storm surge/ocean waves, & dam or leeves breaking

• can happen very fast

• Hazard: Drowning

• Health Concern: development of disease from contaminated water and lack of hygiene

Tornadoes

• rotating, funnel-shaped clouds from powerful thunderstorms which form over land

• generates stronger winds up to 300 MPH which risk for injuries from flying debris

• Hazard: injuries

Hurricanes

• gathers strength as it glides across the water causing tidal surge

• clouds & winds greater than 75 MPH spin around the eye

• it follows a defined course

• Hazard: drowning and injuries

Tsunamis

• form as a result of earthquakes, volcanoes, or landslide under the ocean

Volcanic eruption

• pressure builds below the earth’s surface producing eruptions of lava, rock, and volcanic gases

• Hazard: respiratory illness

Anthropogenic disaster

• Man made

• direct causes are identifiable human actions

complex emergencies

• war, civil strife, or other political conflict

technological disasters

• large number of people, property, community infrastructure & economic welfare

Natural and technological disasters

• a natural disaster that may trigger secondary disaster, the result of weaknesses in the human environment

Biological weapon

• the provision of any infectious agent or toxin by any means of delivery in order to cause harm to humans, animals, or plants

• poor man’s nuclear bomb

atomic bomb

• principle of atomic fission

• area is completely levelled precipitation begin falling that considered of dirt, soot, and dust and various debris; all of which are highly radioactive

Hydrogen bombs

• work by atomic fusion

• hundreds or thousands of times more powerful than the atom bomb

• uses an atom bomb as a trigger

Nuclear leak

• core reactor heats up and solid liquefy

• sinks underground

• uranium reacts with groundwater and results in radioactive steam explosion

Emergency

• sudden, unexpected event

• require immediate action

Emergency management

care given to patients with urgent and critical needs

emergency nursing

• nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury

emergency nurse

• has specialized education, training and experience to gain in assessing and identifying patient health care problem

Emergency medical services

• all aspect of emergency care

• are responsible for establishing, regulating, coordinating, and monitoring the components involved in the provision of emergency care