ch 14 important ppl

Henry IV

Bourbon King of France who issued the Edict of Nantes and reduced the privileges of the nobility while increasing government control of the economy.

Cardinal Richelieu

Chief minister of Louis XIII who introduced policies that destroyed the influence of the Huguenots and restricted the power of the nobility.

Gustavus Adolphus

King of Sweden known for rescuing the cause of the Protestants during the Thirty Years War.

Louis XIV

The epitome of the absolute monarch, he ruled France for more than 70 years.

Jules Mazarin

Chief Minister of France who maintained absolutist policies during Louis XIV's minority.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Finance Minister to Louis XIV who helped raise money for building palaces and waging wars.

Frederick William

Prussian leader who began to unite the German states after leading his country out of the Holy Roman Empire.

Frederick I

King of Prussia who built his army into Europe's strongest and attacked Austria under Maria Theresa.

Joseph I

Austrian ruler who failed in making Austria an absolute monarchy by increasing taxes on the nobility and Church.

Ivan IV

Ruler of Russia who gained independence from the Mongols and expanded territory, establishing absolute power.

Peter I

Czar of Russia who sought to westernize his empire and built the new capital, St. Petersburg.

Catherine I

Empress of Russia who expanded the empire to the south and gained warm water ports in the Black Sea.

James I

Scottish King chosen by Queen Elizabeth to succeed her, aimed for conformity to the Anglican Church.

Charles I

English king who faced conflict with Parliament over the Petition of Right; imprisoned and executed.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Roundheads who ruled England as the 'Lord Protector'.

Charles II

English king who restored the Stuart dynasty by agreeing to share power with Parliament.

James II

English king expelled in the bloodless 'Glorious Revolution'.

William and Mary

Rulers of England who accepted restrictions on royal power under the Bill of Rights.

Maria Theresa

Empress of Austria who rose to power following her father's Pragmatic Sanction.

William Pitt

British prime minister who devised the strategy that led to victory in the Seven Years' War.