ch 14 important ppl

1) Henry IV - Bourbon King of France, he issued the Edict of Nantes and reduced the privileges of the nobility while increasing government control of the economy, until he was assassinated.

2) Cardinal Richelieu - As chief minister of the boy king Louis XIII he introduced policies that destroyed the influence of the Huguenots and restricted the power of the nobility

3) Gustavus Adolphus - King of Sweden who rescued the cause of the Protestants in Europe during the Thirty Years War

4) Louis XIV - The epitome of the absolute monarch, he ruled France for more than 70 years

5) Jules Mazarin - Chief Minister of France when Louis XIV was still too young to rule, he maintained absolutist policies that strengthened the French royal authority

6) Jean Baptiste Colbert - French commoner who became the Finance Minister to Louis XIV and helped him to raise the money the king needed to build his palaces and wage wars

7 Frederick William - Prussian leader who led his country out of the Holy Roman Empire and began to unite the German states

8) Frederick I| - King of Prussia who built his army into Europe's strongest and attacked Austria when Maria Theresa came to the throne

9) Joseph I| - Failed in his desire to make Austria an absolute monarchy by increasing taxes on the nobility and the Church and granting non-Catholics more religious freedom

10) Ivan IV - After gaining independence from the Mongols he became ruler of Russia, expanding its territory and establishing absolute power under the title of "czar".

11) Peter I - Member of the Romanov family, as czar of Russia he sought to westernize his empire and built a new capital called St. Petersburg

12) Catherine I| - Empress of Russia, she murdered her husband to insure she had absolute power, expanded Russian Empire to the south gaining warm water ports in the Black Sea

13) James I - Scottish King, he was picked by Queen Elizabeth to succeed her since she had no children, he tried to make all his subjects conform to the Anglican Church

14) Charles I - English king who battled Parliament over the Petition of Right, he was eventually imprisoned and executed by order of the Rump Parliament

15) Oliver Cromwell - Leader of the Roundheads who ruled England as the "Lord Protector"

16) Charles I| - English king who restored the Stuart dynasty to power when he agreed to share power with Parliment

17) James II - English king who was expelled from power in the bloodless "Glorious Revolution"

18) William and Mary -Became the rulers of England after accepting the restriction of royal power based on the Bill of Rights

19) Maria Theresa - Became empress of Austria after her father drew up the Pragmatic Sanction

20) William Pitt - British prime minister who devised the strategy that won the Seven Years' War