Comparative Respiration Physiology

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts in comparative respiration physiology.

Frogs do not drink water - they aborb moisture through their ___.

skin

The skin must be moist for a frog to __ through its skin.

breathe

When completely submerged in water, a frog can breathe through __ in its skin.

spiracles

Frog skin physiology makes frogs highly susceptible to __ and desiccation.

toxins

Birds and bats are the only vertebrates that can __.

fly

Birds have developed very different physiological strategies for __ compared to bats.

respiration

During flight, birds and bats increase their volume of oxygen uptake (VO2) by __ times.

10-20

A budgie in level flight increases VO2 to __ times its standard metabolic rate.

13

A budgie uses approximately __ times the VO2 of a similar-sized mouse running hard on an exercise wheel.

1.5

As a percentage of body weight, a bird's heart is approximately __ times as large as a human's heart.

5

Flight is energetically __ compared with other forms of locomotion.

expensive

At optimal speeds, the minimum cost of flying for a 380 g bird is approximately __ of the energetic cost of an equivalent-sized mammalian runner.

30%

A complete respiratory cycle in birds requires inhalations and exhalations.

TWO

The avian respiratory system has __ movement of air flow that makes respiration more efficient.

one way

Gas exchange occurs in the walls of microscopic tubules in the lungs called __.

air capillaries

Canaries were taken with coal miners into the mine to detect __.

carbon monoxide

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is also known as __.

Teflon

Acute exposure to toxic inhalants in birds can cause __ death.

acute

The avian vocal organ is called __, located where the trachea splits.

syrinx