Studied by 2 people
Population
the entire group of interest.
Sampling Error
a naturally occurring discrepancy or error between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter.
Nominal Scale
a scale of measurement that consists of a set of categories that have different names
it labels and categorizes observations, but cannot make any quantitative distinctions between those observations.
only occasionally represented by numbers.
Ordinal Scale
a scale of measurement that consists of a set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence.
it ranks observations in terms of size or magnitude
it shows a directional relationship between categories; can show the difference between 2 categories, but not the size of the difference.
Interval Scale
a scale of measurement that consists of ordered categories that are all intervals of exactly the same size.
as a rule, equal differences between numbers on a this scale reflect equal differences in magnitude.
has a point ‘0’ that is arbitrary and does not indicate a ‘0 amount’—or absence—of the variable being measured.
Ratio Scale
a scale of measurement that consists of an interval scale with the additional feature of an absolute 0 point.
as a rule, the ratios of the numbers do reflect ratios of magnitude.
nominal
A sample is given a packet of M&M’s and is told to randomly draw from the package. The frequency of each drawn candy is categorized by color. This example shows the _________ scale of measurement.
ordinal
A sample is asked to share the various t-shirt sizes they prefer and the results are collected and organized by increasing size. This example shows the _________ scale of measurement.
interval
A sample is measured for their individual body heat levels in degrees Celsius. When collecting the measurements, the researchers create a table of their results with categories of equal size, ranging from 0-100o. This example shows the _______ scale of measurement.
ratio
A sample is asked to individually add up the amount of cash in their pockets, wallets, and purses. Each member’s amount is then measured in ordered, equal categories starting at $0. This example shows the _______ scale of measurement.
∑X or sum of X
adding all the X-value scores.
∑X2 or the sum of X squared
squaring all the X-value scores, then adding them together.
(∑X)2 or squaring the sum of X
adding all the X-value scores, then squaring the result.
