Skeletal and Appendicular Muscles

4 categories that skeletal muscles are classified by

Action, origin, insertion, function

When muscle the contracts the insertion is brought closer to the ___

origin

Insertion

the end of the muscle that attaches to the bone that it moves

Origin

The starting end of the muscle

Agonist

Muscle that is the primary mover/causes main action in a muscle group

Synergist

Muscles that works to support the main movement

Antagonist

Makes the opposite movement as the agonist

Muscle group

group of muscles that works to achieve the same movement

Superior limbs

Anterior group: flexion, posterior group: extension

Inferior Limbs

Anterior group: extension, Posterior group: flexion

Maximus

largest

Minimus

Smallest

Longus

Longest

Brevis

Shortest

Deltoid

Triangle (delta)

Recuts

Straight fibers (orientation)

Oblique

Diagonal muscle fibers

teres

round or cylinder shaped muscle

adduction

adding it back to the body

abductor

taking away form the midline

masseter

muscle in jaw, agonist in mastication

Oblique

diagonal or slanted, muscles in the abdomen

Fusiform

Parallel

Bipennate

Unipennate

Circular

Convergant

Multipennate

Fixator

Stabilizes the joints crossed by the prime mover, prevent movement of the origin by the prime mover

Epicranius Frontalis

Raises the eyebrows

Epicranius Occipitalis

Fixes the connective tissue and pulled the scalp backwards

Levator Palpebrae Superioris- 2

Above the eye, attaches to the inside of the skin of the upper eyelid. Opens the eye

Orbicularis Occuli - 2

circular muscle around the eye., Shuts the eye

Orbicularis Oris

Circular Muscle around the mouth. Forces the lips closed and puckers the lips

Masseter

On the surface of the mandible, aids in mastication

Buccinator

Thin, flat muscle in the cheek area, compresses puffed out cheeks

Temporalis

fan shaped muscle over the temporal bone. Raises the mandible for chewing, like the masseter

Zygomatic major and minor

thin muscles that run from zygomatic bone to side of the mouth. raises the corner of the mouth, the smiling muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Paired thin, belt-shaped muscles from mastoid process to top of sternum. Flex the head forward, each rotates the head to opposite side. Shake head no

Trapezius

SeLarge diamond shaped muscle on the back, the triangular top flexes the head, also hold scapula and connects to other arm movements

Serratus Anterior

Serrated tooth-like muscle on some of the lateral portions of the ribs and the scapula. Fixes the shoulder/scapula, but also moves the scapula in relation to other arm movements

Latissimus Dorsi

The 2 large muscles on the posterior of the back, the wings. Attached to the humorous and backbone, contraction mainly extends the arm, but also adducts the upper arm.

Pectoralis major

The large muscles on each side of the chest that tapers laterally to insert on the humorous. Contracts the upper arm, also adducts them.

Deltoid

Makes up the flesh of the shoulder abducts the upper arm, an important synergist in flexion and extension of the upper arm

Rectus Abdominus

The abs. fibers run in superior inferior direction

External Oblique

Major Muscle in the abdominal area located laterally to the abs, fibers running 45 degrees. Together they assist with forward flexion of torso, separately bend to eh torso laterally as in doing sit ups.

Internal Oblique

Same as external, but fibers run oppositely. assets with flexion and lateral movement of torso

Transverse Abdominis

Under the rectus and obliques, fibers run transversely. doens’t move torso but can compress the abdominal area in forced exileration

Internal and external Intercostals

superficial and deep muscles between the ribs. Moves the ribcage, internals assist exhilation, externals assist inhilationScales

Scalenes

Muscle group attached to the upper ribcage. elevates the ribcage during forced inhilationGlu

Gluteus Maximus

The butt muscle, inserts into the thigh. Extends the thigh and rotates the thigh sideways and back

Gluteus Medius

Fibers run mostly up and down, along the side of the pelvis (allium) to the femur, tucks under the gluteus Maximus. Abducts thigh

Illiopsoas

Really 2 muscles, the iliac and the poses major. fibers run from lumbar vertebrae and upper pelvis to femur. Flex thigh or flex trunk laterally.

Biceps brachii

large bi headed muscle on anterior surface of arm. Flexes the forearm, also supinates the hand.

Triceps brachii

Large tri headed muscle on the posterior surface of the upper arm. mainly extends the forearm.

Flexor Digitorum

on the anterior